Understanding virus-host interactions in tissues

Although virus-host interactions are usually studied in a single cell type using in vitro assays in immortalized cell lines or isolated cell populations, it is important to remember that what is happening inside one infected cell does not translate to understanding how an infected cell behaves in a tissue, organ or whole organism. Infections occur in complex tissue environments, which contain a host of factors that can alter the course of the infection, including immune cells, non-immune cells and extracellular-matrix components. These factors affect how the host responds to the virus and form the basis of the protective response. To understand virus infection, tools are needed that can profile the tissue environment. This Review highlights methods to study virus-host interactions in the infection microenvironment. An overview of methods that can be used in high and maximum containment to study virus-host interactions in the infection microenvironment.

Automated summary

Although virus-host interactions are typically studied in vitro in a single cell type, it is important to consider the complexity of the tissue environment in order to truly understand infection dynamics. Immune cells, non-immune cells, and extracellular matrix components all play a role in shaping the host response to viruses. This review highlights methods for studying virus-host interactions in the infection microenvironment.