Prussian Blue and Its Analogues: From Properties to Biological Applications

The utilization of metal organic framework (MOF) nanocomposites in various biomedical applications has been widely studied because of their unique properties. In recently years, Prussian blue (PB) is widely used in clinical studied due to its biosafety, which has already been approved by USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Therefore, it is great urgent to systematically summarize the resent progress to better serve the broad community of researchers. This review focuses on the properties of PB and PB analogues (PBA), and their applications in biological field. A systemic introduction of the properties is presented, including abilities of photothermal, scavenging of reactive oxygen species and adsorption. A variety of biomedical applications, such as tumor therapy, anti-bacterial infection, biosensor, bioimaging, excretion, ischemic stroke treatment, etc. have been discussed as well. Furthermore, the challenges, key factors, and the prospects in the clinical transformation of PB or PBA are simultaneously discussed. This review will provide reference and guidance for the design and application of PB and PBA in the future. A set of studies have demonstrated the properties of PB and its analogues such as photothermal ability, reactive oxygen species scavenging and adsorption ability. Many outstanding researches are published to set a basis for further application in clinic. The properties and biological applications of PB as well as its analogue are reviewed, and hope arouse more interests of researchers.image

Automated summary

This review summarizes the recent progress in the utilization of metal organic framework (MOF) nanocomposites in various biomedical applications, focusing on the properties and applications of Prussian blue (PB) and its analogues (PBA) in the biological field. The review provides a systematic introduction to the properties of PB and PBA, including their photothermal abilities, reactive oxygen species scavenging abilities, and adsorption abilities. It also discusses the various biomedical applications of PB and PBA, such as tumor therapy, anti-bacterial infection, biosensor, bioimaging, excretion, and ischemic stroke treatment. Additionally, the challenges, key factors, and prospects in the clinical transformation of PB and PBA are discussed. This review serves as a reference and guidance for the design and application of PB and PBA in the future.