Green penetration dyeing of wool yarn with natural dye mixtures in D5 medium

This investigation reported a mixture of natural dyes by employing the D5 solvent as a green penetration dyeing system for wool fiber. The ideal dyeing conditions were determined by conducting an in-depth analysis of the following variables: AEO-3 concentration, aqueous pick-up rate, solution pH, dyeing time, temperature, dye mass, and dye fixation percentage. Tensile strength and elongation were measured to learn more about the mechanical characteristics of the wool yarn after it was dyed in D5 solvent and water. The suggested dyeing parameters for wool yarn are 2% of AEO-3, 400% of the wool aqueous pick-up rate at pH 3, 90 & DEG;C temperature, and 90-min duration. This was determined by calculating the K/S value and the dye fixing rate. A washfastness of 4-5 on the fading scale and a stainfastness of 5 across the board were acquired. MR and GB dyes obtained a high dye fixation rate within 90-100%; however, GY dye achieved about 50% dye fixation rate. Xray diffraction (XRD) patterns and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) verified that the original and dyed wool fiber showed no change in interplanar distance in crystallinity and stable thermal tendency due to the dyeing process. The morphology of the wool's surface was not altered throughout the dyeing process, and the colors were spread uniformly over the fiber in SEM pictures and cross-sections. Finally, natural dyes in a D5 solvent media may be used to produce a ternary color, laying the groundwork for natural dyes to be further industrialized. & COPY; 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC

Automated summary

This study reports on the use of D5 solvent as a green penetration dyeing system for wool fiber, with a mixture of natural dyes. The ideal dyeing conditions were determined by analyzing various variables, such as AEO-3 concentration, aqueous pick-up rate, solution pH, dyeing time, temperature, dye mass, and dye fixation percentage. The results showed that the suggested dyeing parameters achieved good washfastness and stainfastness, and the original and dyed wool fiber maintained their characteristics throughout the dyeing process, making the D5 solvent an effective medium for industrializing natural dyes.