Journal
MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS
Volume 10, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ad058e
Keywords
epoxy resin; flame retardancy; polyethyleneimine modified ammonium polyphosphate; cuprous (I) oxide; synergistic effect
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In this study, a flame-retardant system was successfully created by combining cuprous(I) oxide nanoparticles (Cu2ONPs) and APP@PEI materials for epoxy (EP) resin fabrication. The combination of Cu2ONPs and APP@PEI significantly enhanced the flame resistance of EP resin, achieving a V-0 rating and a higher limiting oxygen index value compared to neat EP resin. The Cu2ONPs and APP@PEI were well dispersed in the EP resin and did not undergo structural transformation during material preparation. Additionally, the Cu2ONPs and APP@PEI improved the thermal conductivity and strength of the EP-based composite material.
In this study, cuprous(I) oxide nanoparticles (Cu2ONPs) and APP@PEI (polyethyleneimine-modified ammonium polyphosphate) materials were successfully synthesized and combined to create a flame-retardant system for the fabrication of epoxy (EP) resin with high flame resistance. The characteristic results revealed that the synthesized Cu2ONPs exhibited a particle shape with a size below 200 nm. The synthesized APP@PEI material possessed dimensions ranging from 10-20 micrometers, featuring a core-shell structure. The combination of Cu2ONPs and APP@PEI has proven to be an effective flame-retardant system, significantly enhancing the flame resistance of EP resin. The epoxy-based composite prepared with 2 wt% Cu2ONPs and 18 wt% APP@PEI demonstrated high flame resistance, achieving a V-0 rating (the highest rating according to the UL-94 method for evaluating the flame retardancy of materials) and a limiting oxygen index value of 36% (indicating the material's self-extinguishing ability). This limiting oxygen index value was significantly higher than that of neat EP resin, which only reached 19%. The characteristic results of the flame-retardant epoxy-based composite demonstrated that both APP@PEI and Cu2ONPs were well dispersed in the EP resin and did not undergo structural transformation during the material preparation process. APP@PEI and Cu2ONPs enhanced the thermal degradation of EP-based composite materials at lower temperatures, exhibiting a faster degradation rate compared to EP resin. This augmentation facilitates the formation of a protective char layer on the surface of composite, thereby shielding it from direct flame exposure during combustion. Cu2ONPs played a role as oxidative catalysts, acting as Lewis acids. In addition to enhancing fire resistance, APP@PEI and Cu2ONPs have increased thermal conductivity, reduced impact strength, maintained tensile strength, and improved flexural strength of the composite material based on EP compared to neat EP resin.
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