miRNAs: Potential as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by binding to messenger RNAs. miRNAs are important regulators of gene expression, and their dysregulation is implicated in many human and canine diseases. Most cancers tested to date have been shown to express altered miRNA levels, which indicates their potential importance in the oncogenic process. Based on this evidence, numerous miRNAs have been suggested as potential cancer biomarkers for both diagnosis and prognosis. miRNA-based therapies have also been tested in different cancers and have provided measurable clinical benefits to patients. In addition, understanding miRNA biogenesis and regulatory mechanisms in cancer can provide important knowledge about resistance to chemotherapies, leading to more personalized cancer treatment. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the importance of miRNA in human and canine cancer research. We discussed the current state of development and potential for the miRNA as both a diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target.

Automated summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression, with potential implications in both human and canine diseases, including cancer. Altered levels of miRNAs have been observed in many types of cancer, making them potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, miRNA-based therapies have shown promise in clinical settings, providing measurable benefits to patients. Understanding the biogenesis and regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in cancer can also help in developing personalized cancer treatments and overcoming chemotherapy resistance.