Cucurbitacin-B instigates intrinsic apoptosis and modulates Notch signaling in androgen-dependent prostate cancer LNCaP cells

Introduction: Among numerous triterpenoids of the Cucurbitaceae family, Cucurbitacin-B (Cur-B) is being explored for its pharmacological attributes. Reports from previous studies have explicitly shown that Cur-B possesses substantial anticancer effects. The present report focuses on exploring the anticancer attributes of Cur-B against androgen-dependent PCa LNCaP cells. Methods: LNCaP cells were exposed to commercially available purified Cur-B at varying concentrations that were selected as 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mu M for some time of 24 h to perform various experimental studies. Results: Cytotoxicity evaluation revealed that Cur-B impeded the LNCaP cell's viability at 5 mu M (p <0.05) which increased considerably at a concentration of 25 mu M (p <0.001). Cur-B was also efficacious in inducing the changes within nuclear morphology followed by a concomitant increase in the activities of key caspases including caspase-3, -8, and -9 intriguingly in a dose-dependent trend. Cur-B treatment not only resulted in the augmentation of intracellular ROS levels within LNCaP cells at 5 mu M (p <0.05) but also in-creased significantly at 25 mu M concentration (p <0.001). Elevation in the ROS levels was also found to be correlated with dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta Psi m) which culminated in the onset of significant apoptosis at 25 mu M concentration (p <0.001). Cur-B exposure also resulted in the downregulation of cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) followed by amplified levels of p21(Cip1) mRNA. Importantly, exposure of Cur-B competently reduced the expression of the Notch signaling cascade which may be the plausible cause behind Cur-B-instigated apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest in LNCaP cells. Discussion: These observations thus, explicitly indicated that Cur-B could be plausibly further explored as potent therapeutics against androgen-dependent PCa.

Automated summary

This study explores the anticancer effects of Cucurbitacin-B (Cur-B), a triterpenoid compound found in the Cucurbitaceae family, on androgen-dependent prostate cancer LNCaP cells. The results show that Cur-B inhibits cell viability, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and reduces the expression of the Notch signaling cascade in LNCaP cells. Cur-B has the potential to be a promising therapeutic agent for androgen-dependent prostate cancer.