Journal
NANOSCALE
Volume 8, Issue 36, Pages 16435-16439Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04084e
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Funding
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [1445197]
- NSF [CMMI 1334269]
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Recently emerging potassium ion (K-ion) batteries offer a lower-cost alternative to lithium-ion batteries while enabling comparably high storage capacity. Here, we leverage the strong Raman spectroscopic response of few-layered graphene to provide the first insight into the electrochemical staging sequence for K+ ions in graphitic carbons. Our analysis reveals the signature of a dilute stage I compound that precedes formation of ordered intercalation compounds transitioning from stage VI (KC72), stage II (KC24), and stage I (KC8) and correlates electrochemical responses to the stage formation. Overall, our study emphasizes a minimum barrier to transfer the general understanding acquired for lithium-ion battery anodes to cheaper, earth abundant K-ion battery systems ideally suited for grid-scale storage.
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