Journal
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
Volume -, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/JHEP09(2023)036
Keywords
Cosmology of Theories BSM; Early Universe Particle Physics; Phase Transitions in the Early Universe
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The network of cosmic strings emits gravitational waves throughout the history of the Universe, making it a perfect source to infer the expansion history. The impact of a short inflationary period is difficult to distinguish from other physical origins, but it adds an additional contribution to the gravitational wave spectrum from the phase transition itself. This leads to a characteristic imprint visible at future gravitational wave observatories.
A network of cosmic strings (CS), if present, would continue emitting gravitational waves (GW) as it evolves throughout the history of the Universe. This results in a characteristic broad spectrum making it a perfect source to infer the expansion history. In particular, a short inflationary period caused by a supercooled phase transition would cause a drop in the spectrum at frequencies corresponding to that event. However, the impact on the spectrum is similar to the ones caused by an early matter-dominated era or from particle production, making it difficult to disentangle these different physical origins. We point out that, in the case of a short inflationary period, the GW spectrum receives an additional contribution from the phase transition itself. This leads to a characteristic imprint of a peak on top of a wide plateau both visible at future GW observatories.
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