Positive Airway Pressure Therapy Adherence and Health Care Resource Use in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, current evidence is equivocal regarding the potential benefits of treating OSA with positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy in HFpEF. This study assessed the association between adherence to PAP therapy and health care resource use in patients with OSA and HFpEF. Methods and ResultsAdministrative insurance claims data linked with objective PAP therapy usage data from patients with OSA and HFpEF were used to determine associations between PAP adherence and a composite outcome including hospitalizations and emergency room visits. One-year PAP adherence was based on an adapted US Medicare definition. Propensity score methods were used to create groups with similar characteristics across PAP adherence levels. The study cohort included 4237 patients (54.0% female, mean age 64.1 years); 40% were considered adherent to PAP therapy (30% intermediate adherent, 30% nonadherent). In the matched cohort, PAP-adherent patients had fewer health care resource use visits than nonadherent patients, a 57% decrease in hospitalizations, and a 36% decrease in emergency room visits versus the year before PAP initiation. Total health care costs were lower in adherent patients than nonadherent patients ($12 732 versus $15 610, P<0.001). Outcomes for intermediately adherent patients were most similar to those for nonadherent patients. ConclusionsTreating OSA with PAP therapy in patients with HFpEF was associated with a reduction in health care resource use. These data highlight the importance of managing concomitant OSA in patients with HFpEF, and the need for strategies to enhance PAP adherence in this population.

Automated summary

This study examined the association between adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy and healthcare resource use in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The results showed that adherent patients had lower healthcare resource use, a decrease in hospitalizations by 57%, a decrease in emergency room visits by 36%, and lower total healthcare costs compared to nonadherent patients.