Journal
NANOSCALE
Volume 8, Issue 16, Pages 8712-8716Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00445h
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Funding
- Dutch Science Foundation (NWO ECHO-STIP) [717.013.005]
- Dutch Science Foundation (NWO VIDI) [723.014.006]
- European Union [316866]
- Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science [024.001.035]
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Understanding interfacial phenomena in soft materials such as wetting, colloidal stability, coalescence, and friction warrants non-invasive imaging with nanometer resolution. Super-resolution microscopy has emerged as an attractive method to visualize nanostructures labeled covalently with fluorescent tags, but this is not amenable to all interfaces. Inspired by PAINT we developed a simple and general strategy to overcome this limitation, which we coin 'iPAINT: interface Point Accumulation for Imaging in Nanoscale Topography'. It enables three-dimensional, sub-diffraction imaging of interfaces irrespective of their nature via reversible adsorption of polymer chains end-functionalized with photo-activatable moieties. We visualized model dispersions, emulsions, and foams with similar to 20 nm and similar to 3 degrees accuracy demonstrating the general applicability of iPAINT to study solid/liquid, liquid/liquid and liquid/air interfaces. iPAINT thus broadens the scope of super-resolution microscopy paving the way for non-invasive, high-resolution imaging of complex soft materials.
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