TiO2 Nanoparticles for Methylene Blue Dye Degradation: Effect of Calcination Temperature

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were prepared by a simple sol-gel process and calcined for 2 h at various temperatures between 300 degrees C and 600 degrees C to examine the thermal, physical, morphological, optical, and photocatalytic properties of the material. TGA and DTA studies investigated the thermal properties of the synthesized materials. The crystallinity, phase transformation, and crystallite size of the samples were examined by XRD analysis which was further confirmed by Raman analysis. The BET and BJH methods were used to calculate the textural parameters of materials. The structural changes and modifications in the morphology of the sample with calcination temperatures were studied by FTIR and SEM analysis. The elemental composition employed during synthesis is confirmed by the EDS pattern. The average particle size and spherical shape were examined by the HR-TEM study. The elemental state was demonstrated by XPS spectra. The increase in the size of nanoparticles with calcination temperatures is also confirmed by UV-vis and PL studies. The photodegradation behavior of samples was tested for 10 ppm MB dye and improved efficiency was found to be 94.96% for the sample calcined at 400 degrees C for 2 h. (c) 2023 The Electrochemical Society (ECS). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited.

Automated summary

This study prepared titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles through a simple sol-gel process and calcined them at various temperatures to investigate their thermal, physical, morphological, optical, and photocatalytic properties. The synthesized materials' thermal properties were analyzed through TGA and DTA studies, while XRD and Raman analyses confirmed their crystallinity, phase transformation, and crystallite size. Textural parameters were calculated using the BET and BJH methods. Changes in structure and morphology with calcination temperatures were explored through FTIR and SEM analyses, while the EDS pattern confirmed the elemental composition. The HR-TEM study revealed the nanoparticles' average size and spherical shape, and XPS spectra demonstrated their elemental state. UV-vis and PL studies confirmed the increase in particle size with calcination temperatures. The photocatalytic efficiency of the samples was tested, and a sample calcined at 400℃ for 2 h showed an improved degradation efficiency of 94.96% for 10 ppm MB dye.