Synthesis of nonepitaxial multilayer silicene assisted by ion implantation

Nonepitaxial multilayer silicene with a lonsdaleite structure was synthesized from a 4H-SiC substrate using an implantation-assisted process. An sp(3)-like bonding signal was fitted in a lonsdaleite Si XPS spectrum. The multilayer silicene was directly observed and the derived interplanar distances were found to be nearly consistent with the theoretical values.