Foodborne Diseases Due to Underestimated Hazard of Joint Mycotoxin Exposure at Low Levels and Possible Risk Assessment

The subject of this review paper is to evaluate the underestimated hazard of multiple mycotoxin exposure of animals/humans for the appearance of foodborne ailments and diseases. The significance of joint mycotoxin interaction in the development of foodborne diseases is discussed, and appropriate conclusions are made. The importance of low feed/food levels of some target mycotoxins co-contaminations in food and feedstuffs for induction of target foodborne mycotoxicoses is also studied in the available literature. The appropriate hygiene control and the necessary risk assessment in regard to possible hazards for animals and humans are also discussed, and appropriate suggestions are made. Some internationally recognized prophylactic measures, management of the risk, and the necessity of elaboration of new international regulations in regard to the maximum permitted levels are also carefully discussed and analysed in the cases of multiple mycotoxin contaminations. The necessity of harmonization of mycotoxin regulations and control measures at international levels is also discussed in order to facilitate food trade between the countries and to ensure global food safety.

Automated summary

This review paper evaluates the underestimated hazards of multiple mycotoxin exposure in animals/humans and their impact on foodborne ailments. It discusses the crucial role of low levels of co-contaminated target mycotoxins in inducing foodborne mycotoxicoses. Furthermore, it addresses the importance of hygiene control and risk assessment to mitigate potential hazards for animals and humans, and provides appropriate suggestions. The paper also examines internationally recognized prophylactic measures, risk management, and the need for new international regulations regarding maximum permitted levels in cases of multiple mycotoxin contaminations. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of harmonizing mycotoxin regulations and control measures at international levels to facilitate food trade and ensure global food safety.