The Global Prevalence of Problem and Pathological Gambling and Its Associated Factors Among Individuals with Substance Use Disorders: A Meta-analysis

The present systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the prevalence, sociodemographic factors, mental health disorders, and type of drug use disorders associated with problem/pathological gambling among individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). Published studies before January 1, 2023, were reviewed. Out of 8351 papers initially identified, 61 studies remained for meta-analysis. The findings indicated that among individuals with SUDs there was a lifetime pooled prevalence rate of 23% for at-risk gambling disorder (GD), 19% for problem gambling, and 17% for pathological gambling. The pooled lifetime prevalence of SUDs among individuals with problem/pathological gambling was 18%. The findings indicated that individuals with SUDs who were male, had depressive and mood disorders, and had alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use disorders were more likely to report problem and/or pathological gambling. Consideration of type of substance use and individuals' mental health disorders during primary treatment could be useful for reducing GD among individuals with SUDs.

Automated summary

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the prevalence, sociodemographic factors, mental health disorders, and type of drug use disorders associated with problem/pathological gambling among individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). The findings suggested that male individuals with SUDs who had depressive and mood disorders, as well as alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use disorders, were more likely to report gambling problems.