Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 16, Issue 3, Pages 1683-1689Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04594
Keywords
Black phosphorus; electro-optics; quantum-confined Franz-Keldysh effect; Burstein-Moss shift; mid-infrared; modulator
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We investigate the electro-optic properties of black phosphorus (BP) thin films for optical modulation in the mid-infrared frequencies. Our calculation indicates that an applied out-of-plane electric field may lead to red-, blue-, or bidirectional shift in BP's absorption edge. This is due to the interplay between the field-induced quantum-confined Franz-Keldysh effect and the Pauli-blocked Burstein-Moss shift. The relative contribution of the two electro-absorption mechanisms depends on doping range, operating wavelength, and BP film thickness. For proof-of concept, simple modulator configuration with BP overlaid over a silicon nanowire is studied. Simulation results show that operating BP in the quantum-confined Franz-Keldysh regime can improve the maximal attainable absorption as well as power efficiency compared to its graphene counterpart.
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