Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 16, Issue 12, Pages 7408-7413Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02978
Keywords
Magnetoelectric; magnetite nanoparticle; size effect; magnetic nanoparticle; iron oxide
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Funding
- National Creative Research Initiative through the NRF of Korea - Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning [2010-0018300]
- Korea-Taiwan Cooperation Program through the NRF of Korea - Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning [0409-20150111]
- Global R&D Center through the NRF of Korea - Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning [2016K1A4A3914691]
- Institute for Basic Science through the NRF of Korea - Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning [IBS-R026-D1]
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Bulk magnetite (Fe3O4), the loadstone used in magnetic compasses, has been known to exhibit magnetoelectric (ME) properties below similar to 10 K; however, corresponding ME effects in Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been enigmatic. We investigate quantitatively the ME coupling of spherical Fe3O4 nanoparticles with uniform diameters (d) from 3 to 15 nm embedded in an insulating host, using a sensitive ME susceptometer. The intrinsic ME susceptibility (MES) of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles is measured, exhibiting a maximum value of similar to 0.6 ps/m at 5 K for d = 15 nm. We found that the MES is reduced with reduced d but remains finite until d = nm, which is close to the critical thickness for observing the Verwey transition. Moreover, with reduced diameter the critical temperature below which the MES becomes conspicuous increased systematically from 9.8 K in the bulk to 19.7 K in the nanoparticles with d = 7 nm, reflecting the core-shell effect on the ME properties. These results point to a new pathway for investigating ME effect in various nanomaterials.
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