Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 16, Issue 2, Pages 1509-1513Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00020
Keywords
Silicon nanowires; surface modification; TAT peptide transfection; hippocampal neurons; dorsal root ganglion cells; live cell confocal imaging membrane penetration
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Funding
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- Basic Science Research Program through National Research Foundation of Korea [2013R1A6A3A03062506]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2013R1A6A3A03062506] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Semiconductor nanowire (NW) devices that can address intracellular electrophysiological events with high sensitivity and spatial resolution are emerging as key tools in nanobioelectronics. Intracellular delivery of NWs without compromising cellular integrity and metabolic activity has, however, proven difficult without external mechanical forces or electrical pulses. Here, we introduce a biomimetic approach in which a cell penetrating peptide, the trans-activating transcriptional activator (TAT) from human immunodeficiency virus 1, is linked to the surface of Si NWs to facilitate spontaneous internalization of NWs into primary neuronal cells. Confocal microscopy imaging studies at fried time points demonstrate that TAT-conjugated NWs (TAT-NWs) are fully internalized into mouse hippocampal neurons, and quantitative image analyses reveal an ca. 15% internalization efficiency. In addition, live cell dynamic imaging of NW internalization shows that NW penetration begins within 10-20 min after binding to the membrane and that NWs become fully internalized within 30-40 min. The generality of cell penetrating peptide modification method is further demonstrated by internalization of TAT-NWs into primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.
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