Intermediate-Level Diet Quality of Brazilian Paralympic Athletes Based on National and International Indexes

Diet quality indexes are used to characterize the dietary patterns of individuals and populations. The objective of this study was to compare two specific diet quality indexes, namely the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R) and the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS), among Brazilian parathletes. This comparison was performed using either the initial 24 h recall (Rec1) or an assessment of usual dietary intake. Additionally, our study aimed to explore the association of these indexes with sociodemographic and behavioral sport variables. This cross-sectional, observational study evaluated 101 disabled athletes, including 23 international-level and 78 regional-/national-level participants, with a distribution of 82 males and 19 females across 13 Paralympic modalities. The Multiple Source Method (MSM) was employed, utilizing data from two or four non-consecutive 24 h food recalls. The comparison between the Rec1 and the assessment of usual dietary intake revealed the following median (IQR) values: for the BHEI-R, they were 60.3 & PLUSMN; 11.1 and 80.7 & PLUSMN; 6.2, respectively; for the GDQS, they were 19.5 & PLUSMN; 6.5 and 18.3 & PLUSMN; 2.6, respectively. Most athletes had diets classified as either in need of modification (according to BHEI-R) or of moderate risk (according to GDQS). The comparison between type of sport (team/individual), age, sex, income, education, sport scholarship, and nutritional support between the diet quality indexes is presented. Athletes involved in individual sports exhibited higher scores than team sports for BHEI-R (p < 0.02), and athletes receiving nutritional support achieved higher scores on both indexes (p < 0.03). The analysis of diet quality using the initial Rec1 with the BHEI-R was deemed sufficient to evaluate the diet quality of these athletes. However, when evaluating sporadically consumed food groups, the adoption of GDQS is necessary to assess usual dietary intake. We found that both BHEI-R and GDQS can be utilized to evaluate the diet quality of athletes with disabilities, and the diet quality of parathletes reached an intermediate score level.

Automated summary

This study compared two diet quality indexes among Brazilian parathletes and found that most athletes had diets in need of modification or of moderate risk. Athletes involved in individual sports and those receiving nutritional support had higher scores on both indexes. The initial 24 h recall combined with the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised was sufficient to evaluate the diet quality of these athletes, while the Global Diet Quality Score was necessary to assess usual dietary intake. The diet quality of parathletes reached an intermediate level.