A Nutrigenetic Strategy for Reducing Blood Lipids and Low-Grade Inflammation in Adults with Obesity and Overweight

The pathogenesis of obesity and dyslipidemia involves genetic factors, such as polymorphisms related to lipid metabolism alterations predisposing their development. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a nutrigenetic intervention on the blood lipid levels, body composition, and inflammation markers of adults with obesity and overweight. Eleven genetic variants associated with dyslipidemias in Mexicans were selected, and specific nutrigenetic recommendations for these polymorphisms were found. One hundred and one adults were recruited and assigned to follow either a standard or nutrigenetic diet for eight weeks. Anthropometric, biochemical, body composition, and inflammation markers were evaluated through standardized methods. Weighted genetic risk scores (wGRSs) were computed using the study polymorphisms. After intervention, both diets significantly decreased the anthropometric parameters and body composition (p < 0.05). Only the nutrigenetic diet group showed significant reductions in VLDL-c (p = 0.001), triglycerides (p = 0.002), TG:HDL (p = 0.002), IL-6 (p = 0.002), and TNF-alpha (p = 0.04). wGRSs had a high impact on the Delta TGs and Delta VLDL-c of both groups (standard diet: Delta TGs: Adj R-2 = 0.69, p = 0.03; Delta VLDL-c: Adj R-2 = 0.71, p = 0.02; nutrigenetic diet: Delta TGs: Adj R-2 = 0.49, p = 0.03 and Delta VLDL-c: R-2 = 0.29, p = 0.04). This nutrigenetic intervention improved lipid abnormalities in patients with excessive body weight. Hence, nutrigenetic strategies could be coadjuvant tools and enhance the standard dietary treatment for cardiometabolic diseases.

Automated summary

This study evaluated the effect of a nutrigenetic intervention on adults with obesity and overweight. The results showed significant improvements in blood lipid levels, body composition, and inflammation markers in the nutrigenetic diet group, suggesting that nutrigenetic strategies can enhance the standard dietary treatment for cardiometabolic diseases.