Related references
Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Niklas Bobrovitz et al.
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the magnitude and duration of protective effectiveness of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against infection and severe disease caused by the omicron variant. The results showed that previous infection provides short-term protection, while hybrid immunity has high and sustained protection against hospital admission or severe disease. These findings are important for determining the timing of vaccination and booster doses.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jeffrey V. Lazarus et al.
Summary: Despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines, SARS-CoV-2 continued to mutate and spread in 2022. Vaccine hesitancy remains a significant issue, fueled by misinformation. A survey conducted in 23 countries found that 79.1% of respondents were willing to accept vaccination, with an increase from June 2021. However, hesitancy increased in eight countries, ranging from 1.0% to 21.1%. The study also revealed a decrease in support for vaccination mandates and an increase in the use of medications for COVID-19 symptoms.
Article
Immunology
Nyla Lyons et al.
Summary: Persons living with HIV are at a higher risk of COVID-19 and understanding their vaccine decision-making is important. This study used the Health Belief Model (HBM) to examine psychological factors influencing vaccination intention in HIV patients. The study found that health beliefs, such as confidence in the vaccine and perceived benefits, significantly predicted vaccination intention. Females were less inclined to take the vaccine compared to males, while Indo-Trinidadian patients were more inclined compared to Afro-Trinidadians. Having adequate information and cues to action also influenced their decision. The HBM can inform tailored interventions to improve vaccine outcomes and HIV prevention and treatment services.
Article
Immunology
Hope R. Lapointe et al.
Summary: This study examined the antibody responses in people with HIV (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and controls after receiving three doses of COVID-19 vaccine. The results showed that the third dose significantly boosted antibody levels, but the responses to BA.1 and BA.5 variants remained lower. Antibody concentrations and function declined within 6 months, indicating the need for a fourth vaccine dose within that timeframe for COVID-19 naive individuals.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jinyan Liu et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates that cellular immunity induced by current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is highly conserved to the Omicron spike protein. Individuals vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S or BNT162b2 vaccines showed durable spike-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell responses that were cross-reactive to both the Delta and Omicron variants, including in central and effector memory cellular subpopulations.
Review
Immunology
Paul Moss
Summary: T cell immunity plays a central role in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, with early responses correlating with protection. T cell memory provides broad recognition of viral proteins, limiting the impact of viral variants and offering protection against severe disease. Current COVID-19 vaccines elicit robust T cell responses, contributing to the prevention of hospitalization or death. Therefore, the importance of T cell immunity may have been underestimated.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kristine Duly et al.
Summary: Despite the exclusion of immunocompromised patients from phase 3 COVID-19 vaccine trials, recent data has shown reassuring results on safety and efficacy in this population. Recommendations from various government and professional organizations endorse COVID-19 vaccination in immunocompromised individuals, with ongoing efforts to educate and reassure them to decrease vaccine hesitancy. Further data is needed to fully assess the impact of immunocompromising conditions and immunosuppressing medications on vaccine efficacy.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Andrea Antinori et al.
Summary: The study found that immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in HIV patients was comparable to HIV-negative population when CD4 T-cell count was above 500/mm³, but significantly poorer when below 500/mm³.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Roanne Keeton et al.
Summary: Despite reduced neutralizing antibody activity, T cell responses induced by vaccination or infection can cross-recognize the Omicron variant and provide protection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pascale Huynen et al.
Summary: Asymptomatic and pauci-symptomatic cases contribute to underestimating the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Few studies have been conducted on the longitudinal follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after natural infection. The study found that IgM antibodies could still be detected after 6 weeks of infection, and the majority of participants had sustained high levels of IgG antibodies after 12 weeks.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Matthijs Oyaert et al.
Summary: Immunocompromised patients may show variable immune responses to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, and the delay in humoral or cellular immune responses depends on the patient group, therapy, and individual risk factors.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Heba N. Altarawneh et al.
Summary: An analysis of data from Qatar showed that previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity all demonstrated effectiveness in protecting against symptomatic Covid-19 caused by the BA.1 and BA.2 sublineages of the Omicron variant.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Manon Nayrac et al.
Summary: Spacing of BNT162b2 mRNA doses beyond 3 weeks raises concerns about vaccine efficacy. However, this study shows that administering two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine 16 weeks apart can induce robust immune responses, especially in individuals without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, there are correlations between specific T cell responses post first dose and B cell or CD8 T cell responses after the second dose, indicating the generation of functional immune memory.
Article
Immunology
Laura Gianserra et al.
Summary: This study investigated the immunogenicity and safety of the BNT162b2 homologous boosting vaccination in people living with HIV (PLWH). The results showed that the booster dose greatly increased the immune response in PLWH and had a significantly higher antibody level compared to the primary vaccination. The study also found that the BNT162b2 booster vaccination was safe in PLWH, although there were some reported side effects.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alessandra Vergori et al.
Summary: HIV-infected individuals showed a strong humoral response after the third dose of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, while their cell-mediated immunity remained stable. This study highlights the usefulness of a third vaccine dose in people living with HIV who are on suppressive antiretroviral therapy.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dominik Menges et al.
Summary: A study on SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals found that the longevity of antibody and T cell responses may differ. While antibody responses to S protein persist, levels of antibody response to N protein decrease over time. Additionally, neutralizing activity against the Delta and Omicron variants decreases significantly within weeks of infection. Although virus-specific T cells are detectable in most participants, they are more variable than antibody responses.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Junko S. Takeuchi et al.
Summary: This study investigates the chronological changes in humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 after receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine. The results show that IgG antibody and T cell responses increase significantly after the first vaccination dose, with T cell responses appearing earlier than neutralizing activity. These immune responses are sustained for 6 to 10 weeks but not for 7 months or longer, indicating the need for a booster dose.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Obianuju G. Aguolu et al.
Summary: This article reviews interventions to address measles and human papillomavirus vaccine hesitancy and discusses how these lessons can be applied to COVID-19 and future human immunodeficiency virus vaccines. The study found that context-specific interventions targeted directly at the population for vaccination and the use of financial incentives may be effective strategies to improve vaccine acceptance.
CURRENT HIV/AIDS REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Xiaojie Huang et al.
Summary: The study found that over half of people living with HIV and AIDS in China were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Factors such as perceptions, social support, and information sources had a significant impact on their willingness to get vaccinated.
JMIR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SURVEILLANCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rishi R. Goel et al.
Summary: This study found that immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants remains robust for at least 6 months after mRNA vaccination, with antibodies declining but still detectable in most individuals. mRNA vaccines also induced functional memory B cells and antigen-specific T cells, with recall responses primarily increasing antibody levels in individuals with preexisting immunity.
Article
Immunology
Mark M. Painter et al.
Summary: The study found that after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, CD4(+) T cell responses in naïve individuals were fast, while CD8(+) T cell responses developed gradually. Th1 and Tfh cell responses after the first dose were correlated with post-boost CD8(+) T cells and neutralizing antibodies.
Article
Immunology
Maria L. Ekstrand et al.
Summary: A study conducted in India found that over one-third of people living with HIV exhibited vaccine hesitancy, citing concerns about safety, efficacy, and trust in information sources. To increase vaccination rates, efforts may benefit from leveraging trusted sources to provide clear information and emphasize the importance of vaccines in preventing severe disease and reducing transmission.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2021)
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ugur Sahin et al.
Summary: The BNT162b2 vaccine shows 95% efficacy in preventing COVID-19 by boosting neutralizing antibody titres and activating specific T cell responses. The vaccine-induced immune response is broad and stable, lasting for a prolonged period, providing good coverage against various SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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