Journal
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
Volume 22, Issue 13, Pages 1642-1648Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/1352458516653667
Keywords
Observational data; progression; disability; therapy; relapses
Categories
Funding
- National Health and Medical Research Council [1080518, 1083539]
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia [1080518, 1083539] Funding Source: NHMRC
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Randomised clinical trials are the primary source of evidence, guiding the use of disease-modifying drugs in multiple sclerosis. However, the spectrum of questions that can be answered in the trial setting is relatively narrow. 'Real-world' observational data analysis has always been the major source of evidence for epidemiology, aetiology, outcomes and prognostics, but is now also increasingly used to study treatment effectiveness. While analyses of observational cohorts typically offer superior power, generalisability and duration of follow-up relative to prospective randomised trials, they are also subject to multiple biases. It is the role of researchers to mitigate bias and to ensure the results of observational studies are robust and valid. In this review of observational data research, we provide an overview of the inherent biases, the available mitigation strategies, and the state and direction of contemporary treatment outcomes research. The review will help clinicians critically appraise published results of observational studies.
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