Magnetohydrodynamic natural convection of a reacting hybrid nanofluid in a porous wavy-walled cavity

Natural convection of a chemically reacting hybrid nanofluid in a closed wavy-walled cavity embedded in a porous medium is investigated with an inclined magnetic field. The left wall of the cavity is assumed to be wavy and the walls are maintained at the surrounding temperature. Governing equations are transformed into dimensionless equations which are solved using the finite difference method. To validate the solving procedure, a grid sensitivity test and a comparison with published results have been carried out. Streamlines, isotherms, and isolines of concentration are discussed for varying Rayleigh number (Ra), Hartmann number (Ha), Frank-Kamenetskii number (F-k), Darcy number (Da), combined buoyancy parameter (N), and nanoparticle volume fractions (f(1) and f(2)). Streamlines show clockwise and anticlockwise vortices irrespective of the parameters. For F-k = 0.5, the maximum stream function (?(max)) is 0.64 and the maximum temperature (?(max)) is 0.20 while for F-k = 2, ?max and ?(max) are 4.08 and 1.36, respectively. Besides, for Ha = 0, ?(max) and ?(max) are 1.61 and 0.379, however, for Ha = 100, ?(max) is 0.90 and ?(max) is 0.377. Maximum temperature is increased with an increase in Ra, N, and F-k, whereas it is decreased with the augmentation of Ha and Da. Isolines of concentration show reverse characteristics of temperature. An increase in Ra, Da, and F-k enhances the intensity of streamlines but the opposite is observed for higher Ha, N and volume fractions. Moreover, the eyes of the vortices are distorted in the direction of the magnetic field.

Automated summary

In this study, the natural convection of a chemically reacting hybrid nanofluid in a closed wavy-walled cavity embedded in a porous medium was investigated with an inclined magnetic field. The governing equations were transformed into dimensionless equations and solved using the finite difference method. The effects of various parameters on the streamlines, isotherms, and concentration isolines were discussed.