4.5 Article

Incidence of Epstein-Barr virus reactivation is elevated in COVID-19 patients

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Medicine, General & Internal

Epstein Barr Virus Reactivation during COVID-19 Hospitalization Significantly Increased Mortality/Death in SARS-CoV-2(+)/EBV(+) than SARS-CoV-2(+)/EBV(-) Patients: A Comparative Meta-Analysis

Sivananthan Manoharan et al.

Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation on mortality in the acute phase of COVID-19. Through systematic searching and analysis, it was found that 34.3% of mortality was associated with EBV reactivation. Additionally, EBV(-)/SARS-CoV-2(+) patients had lower mortality compared to EBV(+)/SARS-CoV-2(+) patients. D-dimer levels did not show significant differences between these groups. Overall, EBV reactivation may serve as a possible marker for COVID-19 disease severity.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE (2023)

Review Virology

Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection, EBV, HHV-6 and Other Factors May Contribute to Inflammation and Autoimmunity in Long COVID

Aristo Vojdani et al.

Summary: Long-haul COVID, also known as long COVID, is a novel syndrome that occurs in a significant percentage of individuals a few months after being infected with SARS-CoV-2. It is characterized by persistent, recurring, or new symptoms that affect various tissues and organs. There are similarities between long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), with infections, immune dysregulation, and inflammation playing a role in both conditions.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2023)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Multiple early factors anticipate post-acute COVID-19 sequelae

Yapeng Su et al.

Summary: Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is an emerging global crisis, and the quantifiable risk factors and biological associations are not well understood. In this study, a deep multi-omic investigation was conducted on 309 COVID-19 patients, and four PASC-anticipating risk factors were identified at the time of initial diagnosis. The study also observed changes in immune states during recovery from COVID-19.
Review Virology

The emergence and epidemic characteristics of the highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

Dandan Tian et al.

Summary: The Omicron variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in Botswana in November 2021 and has since become the dominant strain in many countries. With a high number of mutations, it presents new challenges for preventing and controlling COVID-19. This review aims to provide a scientific reference by analyzing and summarizing the biological characteristics, epidemic features, immune escape, and vaccine reactivity of the Omicron variant.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

Review Critical Care Medicine

Reactivation of EBV and CMV in Severe COVID-19-Epiphenomena or Trigger of Hyperinflammation in Need of Treatment? A Large Case Series of Critically ill Patients

Jan-Hendrik Naendrup et al.

Summary: In this study, reactivation of EBV and CMV in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 was common, especially in those receiving corticosteroid treatment. The impact of these reactivations on patient outcomes and the potential benefits of targeted treatments remain uncertain, warranting further investigation. However, early initiation of treatment showed a decrease in viral load, suggesting a potential benefit for patients with EBV and CMV reactivations.

JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2022)

Article Oncology

Estrogen induces the expression of EBV lytic protein ZEBRA, a marker of poor prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Hirotomo Dochi et al.

Summary: This study suggests that the expression of ZEBRA protein is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The expression of ZEBRA is regulated by estrogen receptor alpha, and estrogen promotes ZEBRA transcription and reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), contributing to the progression of NPC.

CANCER SCIENCE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

The effect of Epstein-Barr virus viremia on the progression to severe COVID-19

Jae Hyoung Im et al.

Summary: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is frequently reactivated by COVID-19, and a high incidence of EBV viremia has been reported in severe COVID-19 patients. The impact of EBV viremia on progression to severe COVID-19 is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of EBV on COVID-19 progression. EBV viremia was investigated at the time of admission for COVID-19 patients hospitalized between February 1, 2020, and April 11, 2021. A cross-sectional study showed that the EBV viremia group had more severe pneumonia compared to the EBV-negative group. However, a retrospective cohort study limited to mild cases did not find any association between EBV viremia and COVID-19 progression.

MEDICINE (2022)

Article Immunology

COVID-19 associated EBV reactivation and effects of ganciclovir treatment

Mei Meng et al.

Summary: A high proportion of COVID-19 patients had EBV reactivation, which may be associated with an increased risk of death. Ganciclovir treatment may improve the survival rate of COVID-19 patients.

IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE (2022)

Article Virology

Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Herpesvirus-6 Reactivation in Acute COVID-19 Patients

Bailey Brooks et al.

Summary: In addition to pulmonary disease, COVID-19 patients also exhibit other characteristics such as hyperinflammatory responses, autoimmune disorders, and coagulopathies. This study found that a subset of COVID-19 patients experienced reactivation of the latent viruses EBV and HHV-6, which may contribute to certain features of the disease.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Long COVID and its Management

Ho Cheng Koc et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic is the most significant public health crisis of the 21st century. In addition to acute symptoms, patients and society also face long-term health complications known as long COVID. This review provides an overview of the background, risk factors, diagnostic indicators, and management strategies of long COVID, serving as a valuable resource for understanding and preparing for this condition in the foreseeable future.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2022)

Article Rheumatology

Herpesvirus infections and post-COVID-19 manifestations: a pilot observational study

Svitlana Zubchenko et al.

Summary: The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to unprecedented mutational variation of the virus, contributing to a variety of post-COVID sequelae in immunocompromised subjects and high mortality. Numerous studies have reported the reactivation of herpes virus infections in COVID-19, which worsen the disease and complicate with lasting post-COVID manifestations. This study aimed to describe the clinical and laboratory features of post-COVID manifestations accompanied by the reactivation of herpes virus infections.

RHEUMATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL (2022)

Article Infectious Diseases

EBV DNA increase in COVID-19 patients with impaired lymphocyte subpopulation count

Stefania Paolucci et al.

Summary: This study monitored the immunologic profile and opportunistic viral DNA increase in Italian patients with COVID-19 to identify markers of disease severity. It found a correlation between reduced CD8(+) T cells and NK counts, elevated EBV DNA levels, and COVID-19 severity, highlighting the importance of further evaluating the relationship between EBV load and disease severity in longitudinal studies.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Beyond Omicron: what’s next for COVID’s viral evolution

Ewen Callaway

NATURE (2021)

Article Virology

Longitudinal follow-up of IgG anti-nucleocapsid antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients up to eight months after infection

Jan Van Elslande et al.

Summary: The study found that antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 decreased gradually after 2 months, with significantly higher levels in severe patients compared to mild cases. 70.6% of severe patients remained antibody-positive up to eight months after infection, while 61.1% of mild patients became seronegative within six months.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

Article Virology

Antibody response patterns in COVID-19 patients with different levels of disease severity in Japan

Kazuo Imai et al.

Summary: The study analyzed antibody response patterns of COVID-19 patients in Japan according to disease severity. Results showed that patients with severe and critical cases had stronger antibody responses 11 days after symptom onset, while mild cases had lower seroconversion rates of antibodies against N and S1.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

Review Virology

Molecular Basis of Epstein-Barr Virus Latency Establishment and Lytic Reactivation

Takayuki Murata et al.

Summary: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a causative agent of infectious mononucleosis and several types of cancer, establishing a lifelong latent infection. Reactivation involves various regulatory mechanisms, in addition to just progeny production.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

Article Virology

Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Replication Induces ACE2 Expression and Enhances SARS-CoV-2 Pseudotyped Virus Entry in Epithelial Cells

Dinesh Verma et al.

Summary: Understanding the factors that affect the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial in combating COVID-19. This study showed that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection induced ACE2 expression in epithelial cells, increasing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. The EBV transcriptional activator Zta directly activated the ACE2 promoter, and inhibiting EBV replication may reduce susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill patients with acute COVID-19 with Epstein-Barr virus reactivation

Yun Xie et al.

Summary: This retrospective single-center study found that COVID-19 patients with EBV reactivation had higher rates of tachypnoea, greater decreases in lymphocyte and albumin levels, higher levels of D-dimer and serum calcium, higher rates of CRP and occurrence of respiratory failure, ARDS, and hypoproteinaemia, as well as significantly higher 28-day and 14-day mortality rates compared to patients without EBV reactivation. These patients also received more immuno-supportive treatment.

BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Positive Epstein-Barr virus detection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients

Ting Chen et al.

Summary: This study revealed a high incidence of EBV coinfection in COVID-19 patients. Coinfection with EBV and SARS-CoV-2 was associated with fever and increased inflammation, indicating a potentially more severe condition.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Stress-Induced Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation

Daniel G. Sausen et al.

Summary: EBV is often latent in immunocompetent individuals, but perturbations in the host immune system can lead to viral reactivation and various related illnesses. Understanding the interaction between the virus, stress, and the immune system is crucial for effective treatment.

BIOMOLECULES (2021)

Article Microbiology

Investigation of Long COVID Prevalence and Its Relationship to Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation

Jeffrey E. Gold et al.

Summary: The study found a prevalence of 30.3% for long COVID symptoms among COVID-19 patients, with some initially asymptomatic patients developing long-term symptoms. Additionally, a significantly higher rate of EBV reactivation was observed in long COVID subjects compared to control subjects, suggesting a potential association between COVID-19 inflammation and EBV reactivation.

PATHOGENS (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

Herpesvirus reactivation during severe COVID-19 and high rate of immune defect

A. Saade et al.

Summary: The study found that the incidence of herpesvirus reactivation in patients treated in the ICU for severe COVID-19 was high, but in most cases did not require antiviral treatment. Pre-existing hematological malignancy and solid organ transplantation were independently associated with viral reactivation, but viral reactivation was not associated with mortality.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES NOW (2021)

Article Infectious Diseases

High incidence of Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and human-herpes virus-6 reactivations in critically ill patients with COVID-19

A. Simonnet et al.

Summary: Critically ill patients with COVID-19 in the ICU are prone to herpesvirus reactivation, particularly with EBV, which occurs early and is associated with longer ICU stays.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES NOW (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China

W. Guan et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Review Pathology

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation and therapeutic inhibitors

Jonathan R. Kerr

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Sequencing-based counting and size profiling of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA enhance population screening of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

W. K. Jacky Lam et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2018)

Review Pediatrics

Current research on chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection in Japan

Shigeyoshi Fujiwara et al.

PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL (2014)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Reactivation of Multiple Viruses in Patients with Sepsis

Andrew H. Walton et al.

PLOS ONE (2014)

Review Hematology

Current diagnosis and management of infectious mononucleosis

Evridiki K. Vouloumanou et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN HEMATOLOGY (2012)

Review Microbiology

Epstein-Barr Virus Sequence Variation-Biology and Disease

Stelios Tzellos et al.

PATHOGENS (2012)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Population Levels of Psychological Stress, Herpesvirus Reactivation and HIV

Allison E. Aiello et al.

AIDS AND BEHAVIOR (2010)

Article Infectious Diseases

Limitations of polymerase chain reaction testing for diagnosing acute Epstein-Barr virus infections

Rosemary C. She et al.

DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2007)

Review Oncology

Epstein-Barr virus and cancer

MP Thompson et al.

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2004)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

C-reactive protein: a critical update

MB Pepys et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2003)

Review Pathology

Molecular diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus-related diseases

ML Gulley

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS (2001)