4.7 Article

Exosomes mediate the antibody-resistant intercellular transmission of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

Journal

VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 284, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109834

Keywords

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; Exosome; Transmission; Neutralizing antibodies; Immune evasion

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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly pathogenic enteric coronavirus that causes severe enteritis and lethal watery diarrhea in suckling piglets. In this study, it was found that exosomes from PEDV-infected cells contain viral genomic RNA and viral nucleocapsid protein, and these exosomes can transmit the virus to both susceptible and non-susceptible cells. This study reveals a potential immune evasion mechanism utilized by PEDV and provides new insight into the transmission and infection of this important pathogen.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly pathogenic enteric coronavirus that causes severe enteritis and lethal watery diarrhea in suckling piglets, leading to tremendous economic losses. Exosomes have been reported to participate in intercellular communication by the transportation of a variety of biological materials, including RNAs, lipids, and proteins. However, PEDV transmission routes have not yet been fully elucidated, and whether exosomes function in PEDV transmission remains unclear. In this study, we extracted and purified exosomes from PEDV-infected Vero cells using a stringent isolation method with a combination of chemical precipitation, ultracentrifugation, and incubation with CD63-labeled magnetic beads. We found that exosomes from PEDV-infected Vero cells contain viral genomic RNA and viral nucleocapsid protein. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the purified exosomes from PEDV-infected cells are capable of transmitting the virus to both PEDV-susceptible and non-susceptible cells. Importantly, exosome-mediated PEDV infection was resistant to neutralization by PEDV-specific neutralizing antibodies that potently neutralized free PEDV. Our study reveals a potential immune evasion mechanism utilized by PEDV and provides new insight into the transmission and infection of this important pathogen.

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