Quality assessment of red blood cell concentrates from blood donors at the extremes of the age spectrum: The BEST collaborative study

Background: Blood donors at the extremes of the age spectrum (16-19 years vs. >= 75 years) are characterized by increased risks of iron deficiency and anemia, and are often underrepresented in studies evaluating the effects of donor characteristics on red blood cells (RBC) transfusion effectiveness. The aim of this study was to conduct quality assessments of RBC concentrates from these unique age groups. Study design: We characterized 150 leukocyte-reduced (LR)-RBCs units from 75 teenage donors, who were matched by sex, and ethnicity with 75 older donors. LR-RBC units were manufactured at three large blood collection centers in the USA and Canada. Quality assessments included storage hemolysis, osmotic hemolysis, oxidative hemolysis, osmotic gradient ektacytometry, hematological indices, and RBC bioactivity. Results: RBC concentrates from teenage donors had smaller (9%) mean corpuscular volume and higher (5%) RBC concentration compared with older donors counterparts. Stored RBCs from teenage donors exhibited increased susceptibility to oxidative hemolysis (>2-fold) compared with RBCs from older donors. This was observed at all testing centers independent of sex, storage duration, or the type of additive solution. RBCs from teenage male donors had increased cytoplasmatic viscosity and lower hydration compared with older donor RBCs. Evaluations of RBC supernatant bioactivity suggested that donor age was not associated with altered expression of inflammatory markers (CD31, CD54, and IL-6) on endothelial cells. Conclusions: The reported findings are likely intrinsic to RBCs and reflect age-specific changes in RBC antioxidant capacity and physical characteristics that may impact RBC survival during cold storage and after transfusion.

Automated summary

This study analyzed blood donors at the extremes of the age spectrum and found that teenage donors have higher red blood cell concentration, while older donors are more susceptible to oxidative hemolysis. These findings suggest that age-specific changes in red blood cell antioxidant capacity and physical characteristics may impact the storage and transfusion effectiveness of red blood cells.