Protein Corona Sensor Array Nanosystem for Detection of Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease and represents the leading cause of death in both men and women worldwide. Early detection of CAD is crucial for decreasing mortality, prolonging survival, and improving patient quality of life. Herein, a non-invasive is described, nanoparticle-based diagnostic technology which takes advantages of proteomic changes in the nano-bio interface for CAD detection. Nanoparticles (NPs) exposed to biological fluids adsorb on their surface a layer of proteins, the protein corona (PC). Pathological changes that alter the plasma proteome can directly result in changes in the PC. By forming disease-specific PCs on six NPs with varying physicochemical properties, a PC-based sensor array is developed for detection of CAD using specific PC pattern recognition. While the PC of a single NP may not provide the required specificity, it is reasoned that multivariate PCs across NPs with different surface chemistries, can provide the desirable information to selectively discriminate the condition under investigation. The results suggest that such an approach can detect CAD with an accuracy of 92.84%, a sensitivity of 87.5%, and a specificity of 82.5%. These new findings demonstrate the potential of PC-based sensor array detection systems for clinical use. A protein corona-based nanoarray system composed of six elements (nanoparticles) is exploited for its capability of detecting coronary artery disease. The disease-specific protein coronas formed on nanoparticles with diverse physicochemical properties is used to identify crucial proteins for detection and create classification algorithms. The results demonstrated that this approach could be an innovative, accurate and non-invasive diagnostic tool.image

Automated summary

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common and serious heart disease. Early detection is crucial and this study introduces a non-invasive diagnostic technology using nanotechnology to detect CAD. By forming disease-specific protein coronas on nanoparticles, a sensor array is developed for CAD detection. The results show high accuracy and sensitivity in detecting CAD using this method.