The clustering of galaxies in the completed SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Cosmological implications of the configuration-space clustering wedges

We explore the cosmological implications of anisotropic clustering measurements in configuration space of the final galaxy samples from Data Release 12 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey. We implement a new detailed modelling of the effects of non-linearities, bias and redshift-space distortions that can be used to extract unbiased cosmological information from our measurements for scales s greater than or similar to 20 h(-1) Mpc. We combined the information from Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) with the latest cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations and Type Ia supernovae samples and found no significant evidence for a deviation from the Lambda cold dark matter (Lambda CDM) cosmological model. In particular, these data sets can constrain the dark energy equation-of-state parameter to w(DE) = -0.996 +/- 0.042 when to be assumed time independent, the curvature of the Universe to Omega(k) = -0.0007 +/- 0.0030 and the sum of the neutrino masses to Sigma m nu < 0.25 eV at 95 per cent confidence levels. We explore the constraints on the growth rate of cosmic structures assuming f(z)=Omega(m)(z)(gamma) and obtain gamma = 0.609 +/- 0.079, in good agreement with the predictions of general relativity of gamma=0.55. We compress the information of our clustering measurements into constraints on the parameter combinations D-V(z)/r(d), F-AP(z) and f sigma(8)(z) at z(eff) = 0.38, 0.51 and 0.61 with their respective covariance matrices and find good agreement with the predictions for these parameters obtained from the best-fitting Lambda CDM model to the CMB data from the Planck satellite. This paper is part of a set that analyses the final galaxy clustering data set from BOSS. The measurements and likelihoods presented here are combined with others by Alam et al. to produce the final cosmological constraints from BOSS.