Journal
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 458, Issue 3, Pages 2902-2915Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw520
Keywords
methods: observational; methods: statistical; techniques: image processing; galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium; X-rays: galaxies: clusters
Categories
Funding
- NASA [AR4-15013X, NAS8-03060]
- FONDECYT [1140304]
- Centro de Astrofisica de Valparaiso
- Russian Scientific Foundation [14-22-00271]
- EPSRC [EP/M022331/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- STFC [ST/N000919/1, ST/F002505/2] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/M022331/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/F002505/2, ST/N000919/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Russian Science Foundation [14-22-00271] Funding Source: Russian Science Foundation
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Cores of relaxed galaxy clusters are often disturbed by AGN. Their Chandra observations revealed a wealth of structures induced by shocks, subsonic gas motions, bubbles of relativistic plasma, etc. In this paper, we determine the nature and energy content of gas fluctuations in the Perseus core by probing statistical properties of emissivity fluctuations imprinted in the soft- and hard-band X-ray images. About 80 per cent of the total variance of perturbations on similar to 8-70 kpc scales in the core have an isobaric nature, i.e. are consistent with subsonic displacements of the gas in pressure equilibrium with the ambient medium. The observed variance translates to the ratio of energy in perturbations to thermal energy of similar to 13 per cent. In the region dominated by weak 'ripples', about half of the total variance is associated with isobaric perturbations on scales of a few tens of kpc. If these isobaric perturbations are induced by buoyantly rising bubbles, then these results suggest that most of the AGN-injected energy should first go into bubbles rather than into shocks. Using simulations of a shock propagating through the Perseus atmosphere, we found that models reproducing the observed features of a central shock have more than 50 per cent of the AGN- injected energy associated with the bubble enthalpy and only about 20 per cent is carried away with the shock. Such energy partition is consistent with the AGN- feedback model, mediated by bubbles of relativistic plasma, and supports the importance of turbulence in the cooling-heating balance.
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