4.7 Article

On extreme transient events from rotating black holes and their gravitational wave emission

Journal

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 464, Issue 3, Pages 3219-3228

Publisher

OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw2496

Keywords

accretion, accretion discs; gravitational waves; methods: analytical; methods: data analysis; stars: black holes; supernovae: general

Funding

  1. National Research Foundation of Korea [NSF-KITP-16-015, 2015R1D1A1A01059793, 2016R1A5A1013277]
  2. National Science Foundation [NSF PHY11-25915]

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The super-luminous object ASASSN-15lh (SN2015L) is an extreme event with a total energy E-rad similar or equal to 1.1 x 1052 erg in blackbody radiation on par with its kinetic energy E-k in ejecta and a late time plateau in the UV, which defies a nuclear origin. It likely presents a new explosion mechanism for hydrogen-deprived supernovae. With no radio emission and no H-rich environment, we propose to identify Erad with dissipation of a baryon-poor outflow in the optically thick remnant stellar envelope produced by a central engine. By negligible time-scales of light crossing and radiative cooling of the envelope, SN2015L's light curve closely tracks the evolution of this engine. We here model its light curve by the evolution of black hole spin during angular momentum loss in Alven waves to matter at the Inner Most Stable Circular Orbit (ISCO). The duration is determined by sigma = M-T/M of the torus mass M-T around the black hole of mass M: sigma similar to 10(-7) and sigma similar to 10(-2) for SN2015L and, respectively, a long GRB. The observed electromagnetic radiation herein represents a minor output of the rotational energy Erot of the black hole, while most is radiated unseen in gravitational radiation. This model explains the high-mass slow-spin binary progenitor of GWB150914, as the remnant of two CC-SNe in an intra-day binary of two massive stars. This model rigorously predicts a change in magnitude Delta m similar or equal to 1.15 in the light curve post-peak, in agreement with the light curve of SN2015L with no fine-tuning.

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