Functional metabolism pathways of significantly regulated genes in Nannochloropsis oceanica with various nitrogen/phosphorus nutrients for CO2 fixation

To determine the optimal CO2 concentration for microalgal biomass cultivated with industrial flue gas and improve carbon fixation capacity and biomass production. Functional metabolism pathways of significantly regulated genes in Nannochloropsis oceanica (N. oceanica) with various nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) nutrients for CO2 fixation were comprehensively clarified. At 100 % N/P nutrients, the optimum CO2 concentration was 70 % and the maximum biomass production of microalgae was 1.57 g/L. The optimum CO2 concentration was 50 % for N or P deficiency and 30 % for both N and P deficiency. The optimal combination of CO2 concentration and N/P nutrients caused significant up regulation of proteins related to photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the microalgae, enhancing photosynthetic electron transfer efficiency and carbon metabolism. Microalgal cells with P deficiency and optimal CO2 concentration expressed many phosphate transporter proteins to enhance P metabolism and N metabolism to maintain a high carbon fixation capacity. However, inappropriate combination of N/P nutrients and CO2 concentrations caused more errors in DNA replication and protein synthesis, generating more lysosomes and phagosomes. This inhibited carbon fixation and biomass production in the microalgae with increased cell apoptosis.

Automated summary

This study aimed to determine the optimal CO2 concentration for microalgal biomass production with industrial flue gas. By analyzing the metabolism pathways of Nannochloropsis oceanica (N. oceanica) under different nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) nutrients and CO2 concentrations, the researchers found that the optimum CO2 concentration was 70% under 100% N/P nutrients, and 50% for N or P deficiency and 30% for both N and P deficiency. The optimal combination of CO2 concentration and N/P nutrients enhanced photosynthetic electron transfer efficiency and carbon metabolism, but inappropriate combinations led to errors in DNA replication and protein synthesis, inhibiting carbon fixation and biomass production.