Racial and ethnic disparities amongst patients with lay rescuer automated external defibrillator placement after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Objective: This study evaluated the association between patient race/ethnicity and the odds of AED provision by a lay rescuer in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in the United States.Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study of OHCA patients in the National Emergency Medical Services Information System data-base from the year 2021. Patients were excluded for age < 18 years, EMS-witnessed arrest, traumatic arrest, arrest in a healthcare setting, do-not-resuscitate order, and arrest in a wilderness location. The primary outcome was the association between race/ethnicity and the odds of lay-rescuer AED placement for OHCA. Multiple logistic regression adjusting for known covariates was performed and odds ratios were reported.Results: A total of 207,134 patients were included. Patients with lay rescuer AED use had statistically significant differences with regard to arrest location and arrest witnessed status, and had longer EMS response times (8.5 minutes vs 7 minutes). The odds of AED use was lowest for American Indian/Alaskan Native persons (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.54, 0.72) followed by Asian (OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.60, 0.72), Hispanic (OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.63, 0.69) and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander patients (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.57, 0.83) when compared to White patients. Black patients had the highest odds of AED use (OR 1.10; 95% CI 1.07, 1.12).Conclusion: When compared to White persons, the odds of lay rescuer AED use in OHCA was between 31-38% lower for American Indian/Alas-kan Native, Asian, Hispanic, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander persons, and 10% higher for Black persons.

Automated summary

This study examined the relationship between patient race/ethnicity and the likelihood of lay rescuer provision of AED during OHCA in the United States. The study found that compared to White individuals, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian, Hispanic, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander patients had a 31-38% lower likelihood of AED use, while Black patients had a 10% higher likelihood.