Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 21, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070830
Keywords
Achillea moschata; alpine medicinal plants; alpine ethnobotany; phenolic acids; flavonoids; essential oil; antimicrobial activity; antiradical activity
Funding
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA)
- Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro (Progetti di Ricerca di Ateneo)
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Aerial parts of Achillea moschata Wulfen (Asteraceae) growing wild in the Italian Rhaetian Alps were investigated to describe, for the first time, their phenolic content, as well as to characterize the essential oil. Inspection of the metabolic profile combining HPLC-DAD and ESI-MS/MS data showed that the methanol extract contained glycosylated flavonoids with luteolin and apigenin as the main aglycones. Among them, the major compound was 7-O-glucosyl apigenin. Caffeoyl derivates were other phenolics identified. The essential oil obtained by steam distillation and investigated by GC/FID and GC/MS showed camphor, 1,8-cineole, and bornylacetate as the main constituents. The antioxidant capacity of three different extracts with increasing polarity and of the essential oil was evaluated by employing ABTS+ and DPPH radical scavenging assays. The methanolic extract was the only significantly effective sample against both synthetic radicals. All samples were also tested against Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial species using the disk diffusion assay. The non-polar extracts (dichloromethane and petroleum ether) and the essential oil possessed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity expressed according to inhibition zone diameter (8-24 mm).
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