Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 21, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111452
Keywords
inflammation; proinflammatory cytokines; RAW264.7 cells; inflammatory mediators; I kappa B alpha
Funding
- Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia [GP-1/2014/9443700]
- Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University [RGP-1435-065]
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In the present investigation, we prepared four different solvent fractions (chloroform, hexane, butanol, and ethyl acetate) of Moringa oleifera extract to evaluate its anti-inflammatory potential and cellular mechanism of action in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells. Cell cytotoxicity assay suggested that the solvent fractions were not cytotoxic to macrophages at concentrations up to 200 mu g/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction suppressed LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner and was more effective than the other fractions. Immunoblot observations revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction effectively inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators including cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B p65 through suppression of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Furthermore, it upregulated the expression of the inhibitor of kappa B (I kappa B alpha) and blocked the nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B. These findings indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction of M. oleifera exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated macrophages via suppression of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway.
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