Optimal barbell force-velocity profiles can contribute to maximize weightlifting performance

Maximal barbell power output (P-max) and vertical barbell threshold velocity (v(thres)) are major determinants of weightlifting performance. Moreover, an optimal force-velocity relationship (FvR) profile is an additional variable that has the potential to maximize sports performance. The aims of this study were (i) to present a biomechanical model to calculate an optimal FvR profile for weightlifting, and (ii) to determine how v(thres), P-max, and the optimal FvR profile influence theoretical snatch performance (snatch(th)). To address these aims, simulations were applied to quantify the respective influence on snatch(th). The main findings confirmed that at constant v(thres) and P-max, snatch(th) is maximized at an optimal FvR profile. With increasing P-max and decreasing v(thres), the optimal FvR profile becomes more force dominated and more effective to enhance snatch(th). However, sensitivity analysis showed that v(thres) and P-max have a larger effect on snatch(th) than the optimal FvR profile. It can be concluded that in weightlifting, training protocols should be designed with the goal to improve P-max and to reduce v(thres) to ultimately enhance snatch(th). Training programs designed to achieve the optimal FvR profile may constitute an additional training goal to further develop weightlifting performance in elite athletes that already present high P-max levels.

Automated summary

This study aimed to establish a biomechanical model to calculate the optimal force-velocity relationship (FvR) profile and determine its influence on snatch performance. The results showed that snatch performance is maximized at an optimal FvR profile, with higher maximal barbell power output (P-max) and lower vertical barbell threshold velocity (v(thres)) leading to a more force-dominated FvR profile. However, sensitivity analysis revealed that v(thres) and P-max have a greater impact on snatch performance than the optimal FvR profile. Therefore, training protocols should focus on improving P-max and reducing v(thres) to enhance snatch performance.