Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 21, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010119
Keywords
antioxidant activity; antiproliferative activity; apoptosis; Chondrus crispus; Mastocarpus stellatus; Palmaria palmata; mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs); caspase 3; 7; HeLa cells; U-937 cells
Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant
- Ryerson University Postdoctoral Fellowship
- Ryerson Undergraduate Research Opportunities Scholars Program Award
- NSERC Undergraduate Student Research Awards
- Ryerson University, Faculty of Community Services Research funds
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Antiproliferative and antioxidant activities and mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA) profiles of methanol extracts from edible wild-harvested (Chondrus crispus, Mastocarpus stellatus, Palmaria palmata) and cultivated (C. crispus) marine red macroalgae were studied herein. Palythine, asterina-330, shinorine, palythinol, porphyra-334 and usujirene MAAs were identified in the macroalgal extracts by LC/MS/MS. Extract reducing activity rankings were (p < 0.001): wild P. palmata > cultivated C. crispus = wild M. stellatus > wild low-UV C. crispus > wild high-UV C. crispus; whereas oxygen radical absorbance capacities were (p < 0.001): wild M. stellatus > wild P. palmata > cultivated C. crispus > wild low-UV C. crispus > wild high-UV C. crispus. Extracts were antiproliferative against HeLa and U-937 cells (p < 0.001) from 0.125-4 mg/mL, 24 h. Wild P. palmata and cultivated C. crispus extracts increased (p < 0.001) HeLa caspase-3/7 activities and the proportion of cells arrested at Sub G(1) (apoptotic) compared to wild-harvested C. crispus and M. stellatus extracts. HeLa cells incubated with wild P. palmata and cultivated C. crispus extracts also exhibited morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis (shrinkage, rounding). Thus, extracts rich in low-polarity usujirene and polar palythine and asterina-330 MAAs were antiproliferative as inducers of apoptosis in HeLa cells.
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