Journal
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
Volume 22, Issue 7, Pages 972-980Publisher
SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.194
Keywords
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Funding
- Tourette Association of America
- US National Institutes of Health (NIH) [K24 MH087913, P30 CA091842, P50 MH077248, UL1 TR000448, K01 MH104592, R21 NS091635]
- Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (NARSAD Young Investigator Award)
- Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health [U54 HD087011]
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Previous studies of brain structure in Tourette syndrome (TS) have produced mixed results, and most had modest sample sizes. In the present multicenter study, we used structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare 103 children and adolescents with TS to a well-matched group of 103 children without tics. We applied voxel-based morphometry methods to test gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume differences between diagnostic groups, accounting for MRI scanner and sequence, age, sex and total GM+ WM volume. The TS group demonstrated lower WM volume bilaterally in orbital and medial prefrontal cortex, and greater GM volume in posterior thalamus, hypothalamus and midbrain. These results demonstrate evidence for abnormal brain structure in children and youth with TS, consistent with and extending previous findings, and they point to new target regions and avenues of study in TS. For example, as orbital cortex is reciprocally connected with hypothalamus, structural abnormalities in these regions may relate to abnormal decision making, reinforcement learning or somatic processing in TS.
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