Hypertension in oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectivesTo perform a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the prevalence and magnitude of the association of hypertension in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP).MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies published before May 2022, not restricted by publication language or date. The methodological quality and risk of bias of primary-level studies were critically assessed. Meta-analyses were performed, as well as meta-regression, stratified, sensitivity and small-study effects analyses, a Galbraith (radial) plot, and trial sequential analysis. Quality of evidence was evaluated using GRADE system.Results104 studies, including 16,587 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The results show that patients who suffer from OLP have a high prevalence of hypertension (PP = 24.17%, 95% CI = 21.45-27.00), with a low quality of evidence. A significant association between hypertension and oral lichen planus was also reported (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.01-1.63, p = 0.04), showing a moderate quality of evidence.ConclusionsPatients with OLP could be at an increased risk of suffering from hypertension which is probably due to multiple factors. Healthcare practitioners involved in OLP management should be aware of this comorbidity in order to apply suitable measures and make referrals if hypertension is suspected, although further research is needed.

Automated summary

This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the prevalence and association of hypertension in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). The results showed a high prevalence of hypertension in patients with OLP and a significant association between hypertension and OLP. Healthcare practitioners should be aware of this comorbidity and take appropriate measures when managing OLP.