Journal
MOLECULAR PLANT
Volume 9, Issue 11, Pages 1492-1503Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.08.003
Keywords
flowering; WRKY transcription factor; DELLA proteins; gibberellin; FUL
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Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of China [U1202264, 31171183]
- Science Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KSCX3-EW-N-07, XTBG-F04]
- Innovative Team of Yunnan Province [2014HC017]
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In plants, photoperiod is an important cue for determining flowering. The floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana is earlier under long-day (LD) than under short-day (SD) conditions. Flowering of Arabidopsis plants under SD conditions is mainly regulated by the plant hormone gibberellin (GA). Here, we report two WRKY transcription factors function oppositely in controlling flowering time under SD conditions. Phenotypic analysis showed that disruption of WRKY12 caused a delay in flowering, while loss of WRKY13 function promoted flowering. WRKY12 and WRKY13 displayed negatively correlated expression profiles and function successively to regulate flowering. Molecular and genetic analyses demonstrated that FRUITFULL (FUL) is a direct downstream target gene of WRKY12 and WRKY13. Interestingly, we found that DELLA proteins GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE (GAI) and RGA-LIKE1 (RGL1) interacted with WRKY12 and WRKY13, and their interactions interfered with the transcriptional activity of the WRKY12 and WRKY13. Further studies suggested thatWRKY12 and WRKY13 partly mediated the effect of GA3 on controlling flowering time. Taken together, our results indicate thatWRKY12 and WRKY13 oppositely modulate flowering time under SD conditions, which at least partially involves the action of GA.
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