Gene-environment interaction in myopia

Myopia is a health issue that has attracted global attention due to its high prevalence and vision-threatening complications. It is well known that the onset and progression of myopia are related to both genetic and environmental factors: more than 450 common genetic loci have been found to be associated with myopia, while near work and outdoor time are the main environmental risk factors. As for many complex traits, gene-environment interactions are implicated in myopia development. To date, several genetic loci have been found to interact with near work or educational level. Gene-environment interaction research on myopia could yield models that provide more accurate risk predictions, thus improving targeted treatments and preventive strategies. Additionally, such investigations might have the potential to reveal novel genetic information. In this review, we summarised the findings in this field and proposed some topics for future investigations.

Automated summary

Myopia, a common health issue worldwide, is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. More than 450 genetic loci have been associated with myopia, while near work and outdoor time are the main environmental risk factors. Gene-environment interactions have been found between certain genetic loci and near work or educational level. The study of gene-environment interactions in myopia can provide more accurate risk predictions and improve targeted treatments and preventive strategies.