CD33 polymorphisms and Parkinson's disease Parkinson's disease in northern Chinese Han population: A case-control study

Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) represents the multisystem illness involving immunological and neuro-inflammatory dysfunction. The present work focused on evaluating link of CD33 single nucleotide poly-morphisms (SNPs) with PD vulnerability of the northern Chinese Han people, considering CD33's role as a critical immunoregulatory receptor in neuroinflammatory responses.Methods: The present case-control study included 475 PD cases together with 475 normal controls. A further division of PD patients into two categories was made: 74 patients with early-onset PD (EOPD; onset age = 50 years) and 401 patients with late-onset PD (LOPD; onset age > 50 years). DNA extraction was conducted, fol-lowed by genotyping for 2SNPs of CD33 polymorphisms with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).Results: Alleles (G vs. A, P = 0.028) and AA genotypes (P = 0.042) of rs12985029 were significantly different between the groups. Distinctions were observed between the two groups in the recessive, co-dominant, and additive models (nominal P = 0.030, nominal P = 0.045, and P = 0.032). AA genotype frequency among male PD was higher compared to corresponding male controls (P = 0.034), and in the male group allele A was a factor causing the disease (P = 0.026). The rs12985029 genotypes and allele frequency were different in EOPD compared with LOPD (P = 0.002, P = 0.002, respectively), and in LOPD group relative to healthy control group (P = 0.020 and P = 0.004, separately). Regarding the rs3826656 polymorphism, the frequency of GA genotype was higher in the control group than in the case group (nominal P = 0.036). Overdominance and co-dominant models were different between these groups (P = 0.026, nominal P = 0.030). Subgroup analysis revealed ge-notype frequency differences between rs3826656 LOPD group and control group (P = 0.018). Furthermore, relationship between rs3826656 and rs12985029 (D' = 0.162, r2 = 0.021) did not reach a complete level of linkage disequilibrium (LD) of northern Chinese Han people.Conclusion: This study establishes an association between CD33 rs12985029 and rs3826656 polymorphisms and PD risk among the selected northern Chinese Han people. The GA genotype, rs3826656, may act as a protective factor against PD, while the A allele, rs12985029,could be genetic risk factor related to PD. Future research should include larger sample sizes and other human populations to further investigate how CD33 polymorphisms contribute to PD.

Automated summary

This study evaluates the link between CD33 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and vulnerability to Parkinson's disease among the northern Chinese Han population. The findings suggest that CD33 SNPs are associated with Parkinson's disease and may contribute to genetic risk. The study recommends further research with larger sample sizes and diverse populations to explore the relationship between CD33 polymorphisms and Parkinson's disease.