☆ 4.7 Review

Therapeutic mechanisms of psychedelics and entactogens

NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2023)

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Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD

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Increased global integration in the brain after psilocybin therapy for depression

Richard E. Daws et al.

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Repeated lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) reverses stress-induced anxiety-like behavior, cortical synaptogenesis deficits and serotonergic neurotransmission decline

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Updated cost-effectiveness of M DMA-assisted therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in the United States: Findings from a phase 3 trial

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Jacob S. Aday et al.

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Role of 5-HT2A receptors in the effects of ayahuasca on ethanol self-administration using a two-bottle choice paradigm in male mice

Yasmim A. Serra et al.

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MDMA treatment paired with a trauma-cue promotes adaptive stress responses in a translational model of PTSD in rats

Shira Arluk et al.

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Entactogens: How the Name for a Novel Class of Psychoactive Agents Originated

David E. Nichols

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Psychedelics and Psychotherapy: Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches as Default

David B. Yaden et al.

Summary: The article discusses the management of psychedelics in European and American clinical research settings and some historical and social influences on this behavior. The authors argue that cognitive-behavioral therapies and other psychotherapeutic paradigms provide the strongest rationale and support for psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy.

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Effects of acute lysergic acid diethylamide on intermittent ethanol and sucrose drinking and intracranial self-stimulation in C57BL/6 mice

Lauri Elsila et al.

Summary: Acute administration of 0.1 mg/kg LSD transiently decreases binge-like ethanol drinking in mice, but has no effect on sucrose drinking. LSD does not affect the intracranial self-stimulation threshold or the rewarding effects of simultaneous amphetamine treatment, but has small, acute diminishing effects on food and water intake.

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Antidepressant effects of a psychedelic experience in a large prospective naturalistic sample

Victoria Amalie Nygart et al.

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Psychedelic resting-state neuroimaging: A review and perspective on balancing replication and novel analyses

Drummond E-Wen McCulloch et al.

Summary: Clinical research into serotonergic psychedelics is showing promising efficacy across various disorders. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is commonly used to study the neural effects of psychedelics. However, there is considerable variation in methods and terminology, calling for more coherence in future studies.

NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS (2022)

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Psilocybin reduces low frequency oscillatory power and neuronal phase-locking in the anterior cingulate cortex of awake rodents

Caroline T. Golden et al.

Summary: This study investigated the neural effects of psilocybin in awake mice using multi-unit extracellular recordings. The findings suggest that psilocybin reduces the power of low frequency oscillations, increases overall firing rates of neurons, and desynchronizes local neural activity.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine on Conditioned Fear Extinction and Retention in a Crossover Study in Healthy Subjects

Patrick Vizeli et al.

Summary: This study aims to explore the potential of MDMA as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its mechanism of action. The results show that MDMA treatment can enhance fear extinction learning and recall, but this effect may be limited to certain forms of learned fear responses. Additionally, MDMA does not influence fear reactions to conditioned cues.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy-A Systematic Review of Associated Psychological Interventions

Mauro Cavarra et al.

Summary: Modern clinical research on psychedelics shows interesting outcomes in various clinical conditions when used in combination with psychotherapy. Individual and contextual factors seem to influence the psychedelic experience and clinical outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of investigating environmental and relational factors in therapeutic contexts.

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY (2022)

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Article Psychology, Multidisciplinary

Psychedelic integration: An analysis of the concept and its practice

Geoff J. J. Bathje et al.

Summary: This manuscript presents the first comprehensive review and concept analysis of definitions, practices, and models of psychedelic integration. By providing a synthesized definition, model, and comprehensive summary of integration practices, it aims to bring clarity to the subject.

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Skepticism about Recent Evidence That Psilocybin Liberates Depressed Minds

Manoj K. Doss et al.

Summary: A recent paper suggests that psilocybin therapy can decrease brain network modularity in patients with depression, which is not found with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor S-citalopram. However, there are several issues raised regarding the inconsistencies in clinical outcomes, statistical flaws, and overinterpretation of resting state data.

ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Active mechanisms of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy: A systematic review

Isak Joneborg et al.

Summary: This article evaluates the efficacy of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy in the treatment of treatment-resistant depression and substance use disorders. Several clinical trials show that ketamine-assisted psychotherapy has a positive impact on primary outcome measures, although the data is mixed. The mechanisms of ketamine, such as NMDAR inhibition and increased synaptic neuroplasticity, are believed to contribute to its therapeutic effects.

JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Subtypes of the psychedelic experience have reproducible and predictable effects on depression and anxiety symptoms

Aki Nikolaidis et al.

JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Adverse events in clinical treatments with serotonergic psychedelics and MDMA: A mixed-methods systematic review

Joost J. Breeksema et al.

Summary: The use of psychedelic drugs for the treatment of mental disorders has shown promising results. However, the adverse events associated with psychedelic treatments are poorly defined and often underreported in the literature due to study design and sample selection limitations.

JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Bespoke library docking for 5-HT2A receptor agonists with antidepressant activity

Anat Levit Kaplan et al.

Summary: Researchers successfully screened and synthesized molecules that can activate the 5-HT2A receptor using structure-based docking and optimization methods. These molecules exhibited potent antidepressant activity in mouse models without psychedelic effects.

NATURE (2022)

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Review Neurosciences

The neural basis of psychedelic action

Alex C. Kwan et al.

Summary: This review focuses on the basic neurobiology of the action of psychedelic drugs. It covers the chemistry and potency of psychoactive molecules, the role of serotonin receptors and their signaling pathways, the impact on neuronal spiking dynamics, transcriptional changes, and structural plasticity. This review also summarizes neuroimaging results that highlight the effects on association cortices and thalamocortical functional connectivity, providing insights into the neural mechanisms responsible for the acute and enduring effects of psychedelics on behavior.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Experimenters' sex modulates mouse behaviors and neural responses to ketamine via corticotropin releasing factor

Polymnia Georgiou et al.

Summary: The sex of the person performing experiments affects mouse behavior and responses to ketamine. This effect is mediated by corticotropin-releasing factor neurons in the entorhinal cortex.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Modulation of 5-HT release by dynorphin mediates social deficits during opioid withdrawal

Matthew B. Pomrenze et al.

Summary: Social isolation plays a major role in the current opioid addiction crisis. Research shows that sociability deficits during opioid withdrawal are linked to the activation of kappa opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens. Blocking the release of dynorphin from dorsal raphe neurons prevents these deficits, while optogenetic activation of these neurons reproduces sociability decreases. Deleting KORs from serotonin neurons prevents sociability deficits, but not from NAc neurons or dopamine neurons.

NEURON (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Single-Dose Psilocybin for a Treatment-Resistant Episode of Major Depression

Guy M. Goodwin et al.

Summary: Psilocybin may be effective in treating treatment-resistant depression, but dosage and adverse effects need further investigation.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Psychiatry

Percentage of Heavy Drinking Days Following Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy vs Placebo in the Treatment of Adult Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder A Randomized Clinical Trial

Michael P. Bogenschutz et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of high-dose psilocybin on patients with AUD. The results showed that psilocybin combined with psychotherapy significantly decreased the percentage of heavy drinking days.

JAMA PSYCHIATRY (2022)

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Article Psychology, Clinical

Clinical Effectiveness 01 intravenous Racemic etamineTnr Bions in a Large Community Sample of Patients With Treatment- Resistant Depression, Suicidal Ideation, and Generalized

Patrick A. Oliver et al.

Summary: This study examines the clinical outcomes of ketamine treatment for patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The results show that ketamine is effective in reducing suicidal ideation, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Within 6 weeks, 50% of patients showed a response to the treatment and 20% achieved remission of depressive symptoms. After 10 infusions, response and remission rates increased to 72% and 38% respectively. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in suicidal ideation symptoms after 6 infusions. The efficacy of ketamine is comparable to other interventions for TRD in community samples.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Beyond ecstasy: Alternative entactogens to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine with potential applications in psychotherapy

Hans Emanuel Oeri

Summary: MDMA is currently the only compound actively investigated as a medicine, but the lack of alternatives may be detrimental to patients who do not respond well to its mechanism of action or require modification of its effects. Therefore, compounds from different classes are identified as potential alternatives to MDMA.

JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Hallucinogens in Mental Health: Preclinical and Clinical Studies on LSD, Psilocybin, MDMA, and Ketamine

Danilo De Gregorio et al.

Summary: A resurgence of interest in hallucinogens for the treatment of psychiatric disorders has emerged, with studies confirming the efficacy of ketamine in treating depression. Emerging evidence also suggests potential therapeutic properties of psilocybin, LSD, and MDMA for mental diseases.

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A non-hallucinogenic psychedelic analogue with therapeutic potential

Lindsay P. Cameron et al.

Summary: The study identifies key structural elements of the potential therapeutic pharmacophore of ibogaine and designs tabernanthalog, a safer, non-hallucinogenic analogue of ibogaine. Tabernanthalog is found to promote neural plasticity, reduce addiction-related behavior, and produce antidepressant effects in rodents. Through careful chemical design, it is possible to modify psychedelic compounds to produce safer, non-hallucinogenic variants with therapeutic potential.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Neurochemical and Behavioral Effects of a New Hallucinogenic Compound 25B-NBOMe in Rats

Adam Wojtas et al.

Summary: The study found that 25B-NBOMe increased the release of DA, 5-HT, ACh, and glutamate in rat brain regions, induced hallucinogenic activity, and reduced recognition index while decreasing locomotor activity. In anxiety and anti-anxiety tests, it showed dose-dependent effects. Compared to MDMA, 25B-NBOMe exhibited subtle genotoxic effects.

NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) promotes social behavior through mTORC1 in the excitatory neurotransmission

Danilo De Gregorio et al.

Summary: Clinical studies have shown that LSD can enhance empathy and social behavior in humans. This study in male mice found that LSD promotes social behavior by potentiating glutamatergic neurotransmission in the medial prefrontal cortex through the 5-HT2A/AMPA receptors and mTOR signaling. The results suggest that activating these pathways with psychedelic drugs could be explored for treating mental disorders characterized by social behavior impairments.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Positive expectations predict improved mental-health outcomes linked to psychedelic microdosing

L. S. Kaertner et al.

Summary: The study found that psychedelic microdosing may enhance psychological well-being, emotional stability, and reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms, but positive expectancy also plays a significant role in predicting positive outcomes.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Letter Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Caution at psychiatry's psychedelic frontier

Matthew J. Burke et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

First study of safety and tolerability of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in patients with alcohol use disorder

Ben Sessa et al.

Summary: The study is the first exploration of the feasibility and efficacy of MDMA therapy in patients with alcohol use disorder. The results show that MDMA treatment is safe and well tolerated in patients with AUD, with improvement in psychosocial functioning and significant reduction in drinking behavior.

JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

A placebo-controlled study of the effects of ayahuasca, set and setting on mental health of participants in ayahuasca group retreats

M. Uthaug et al.

Summary: The study suggests that Ayahuasca may improve mental health, but it could also be influenced by non-pharmacological factors, emphasizing the importance of further research to understand the underlying mechanisms of its therapeutic effects.

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Prolonged epigenomic and synaptic plasticity alterations following single exposure to a psychedelic in mice

Mario de la Fuente Revenga et al.

Summary: Clinical evidence shows that rapid and sustained antidepressant effects can be achieved with a single exposure to psychedelics. The study found that a single dose of the psychedelic DOI has fast-acting effects on the frontal cortex dendritic spine structure and accelerates fear extinction through the 5-HT2A receptor. Furthermore, DOI induces changes in chromatin organization, particularly at enhancer regions of genes involved in synaptic assembly, which overlap with genetic loci associated with schizophrenia, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

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Article Psychiatry

Synthesizing the Evidence for Ketamine and Esketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression: An International Expert Opinion on the Available Evidence and Implementation

Roger S. McIntyre et al.

Summary: Replicated international studies have highlighted the human and societal costs of major depressive disorder, with monoamine-based antidepressants proving effective but many patients failing to fully recover. Ketamine and esketamine offer novel pharmacological treatments for treatment-resistant depression, but questions remain about their safety and effectiveness. International experts provide guidance on the use of these agents, while discussing areas of consensus and future research directions.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Oxytocin, Neural Plasticity, and Social Behavior

Robert C. Froemke et al.

Annual Review of Neuroscience (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Psychedelic-inspired drug discovery using an engineered biosensor

Chunyang Dong et al.

Summary: The study introduces psychLight, a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor based on the structure of 5-HT2AR, which can detect behaviorally relevant serotonin release and predict the effects of different 5-HT2AR ligands. This new technology identified a non-hallucinogenic psychedelic analog with rapid-onset and long-lasting antidepressant-like effects.

CELL (2021)

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Article Psychiatry

Psilocybin therapy increases cognitive and neural flexibility in patients with major depressive disorder

Manoj K. Doss et al.

Summary: The study investigated the enduring effects of psilocybin therapy on cognitive and neural flexibility, finding that cognitive flexibility improved post-treatment and some neural dynamics changes were associated with changes in cognitive flexibility one week after treatment.

TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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Article Psychiatry

Psilocin, LSD, mescaline, and DOB all induce broadband desynchronization of EEG and disconnection in rats with robust translational validity

Cestmir Vejmola et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the effects of various psychedelics on EEG activity in rats, showing a decrease and desynchronization in brain activity. Different psychedelics induced subtle spatial patterns in EEG activity.

TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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Review Psychiatry

Psychedelics and Other Psychoplastogens for Treating Mental Illness

Maxemiliano V. Vargas et al.

Summary: Psychedelics offer new hope for treating brain disorders due to their sustained therapeutic effects and broad potential, but face challenges in clinical scalability. Research on psychoplastogens provides insight into neural plasticity and offers a new paradigm for addressing the underlying pathophysiology of mental illness. Effectively deploying psychoplastogenic medicines at scale will be a key consideration for future development in the field.

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Psilocybin targets a common molecular mechanism for cognitive impairment and increased craving in alcoholism

Marcus W. Meinhardt et al.

Summary: The study identified a common molecular pathological mechanism for both executive dysfunction and alcohol craving in alcohol-dependent patients, and proposed a personalized mGluR2 mechanism-based intervention strategy for medication development.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study

Jennifer M. Mitchell et al.

Summary: The results demonstrate that MDMA-assisted therapy is safe and effective in treating severe post-traumatic stress disorder. Compared with placebo, MDMA significantly reduces CAPS-5 scores and improves functional impairment.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Trial of Psilocybin versus Escitalopram for Depression

Robin Carhart-Harris et al.

Summary: The study compared the efficacy of psilocybin and escitalopram in treating patients with major depressive disorder. While there was no significant difference in antidepressant effects between the two drugs at week 6, secondary outcomes generally favored psilocybin over escitalopram, though these results were not adjusted for multiple comparisons. Larger and longer trials are needed to further compare psilocybin with established antidepressants.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Harnessing psilocybin: antidepressant-like behavioral and synaptic actions of psilocybin are independent of 5-HT2R activation in mice

Natalie Hesselgrave et al.

Summary: Psilocybin has shown promising rapid and persistent antidepressant effects in mice, possibly through enhancing excitatory synapses in the hippocampus, independent of 5-HT2A receptor activation. Further research is needed to explore the potential combination of psychedelic compounds and 5-HT2AR antagonists for clinical utility in human depression.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Biology

Attenuated dopamine signaling after aversive learning is restored by ketamine to rescue escape actions

Mingzheng Wu et al.

Summary: This study investigates the impact of stress and aversive learning on dopaminergic neuron activity and signaling, as well as the mechanism of ketamine in restoring escape behavior. Through chemogenetic and neuronal activity correlation studies, it reveals the correlation between neuromodulatory dynamics in the mPFC-VTA circuit and the effects of ketamine.

ELIFE (2021)

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Article Psychiatry

Effects of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder A Randomized Clinical Trial

Alan K. Davis et al.

Summary: The study showed that psilocybin therapy with psychological support is effective in treating MDD, building on previous findings in patients with cancer and depression, as well as in a nonrandomized study in patients with treatment-resistant depression.

JAMA PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

An analog of psychedelics restores functional neural circuits disrupted by unpredictable stress

Ju Lu et al.

Summary: The study shows that TBG can reduce anxiety levels and rescue deficits in sensory processing and cognitive flexibility in mice under stress. Furthermore, TBG promotes the regrowth of excitatory neuron dendritic spines and enhances neural activity in the somatosensory cortex.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

N,N-Dimethyltryptamine attenuates spreading depolarization and restrains neurodegeneration by sigma-1 receptor activation in the ischemic rat brain

Irisz Szabo et al.

Summary: The study suggests that DMT may serve as an adjuvant pharmacological therapy in the management of acute cerebral ischemia, by mitigating spreading depolarizations (SDs) and promoting neuronal survival, reducing the number of apoptotic and ferroptotic cells.

NEUROPHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Systemic enhancement of serotonin signaling reverses social deficits in multiple mouse models for ASD

Jessica J. Walsh et al.

Summary: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder caused by various genetic and environmental factors, characterized by social interaction impairments. Research has shown that enhancing 5-HT activity can reverse social deficits in ASD mouse models, while MDMA and a 5-HT1b receptor agonist are effective in rescuing sociability deficits in multiple ASD mouse models.

NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Selective filtering of excitatory inputs to nucleus accumbens by dopamine and serotonin

Daniel J. Christoffel et al.

Summary: The study reveals that dopamine and serotonin modulate excitatory synaptic transmission in the nucleus accumbens in input-specific ways, influencing motivated behaviors differently. Endogenous release of DA and 5-HT, as well as optogenetic inhibition, alter the behavioral effects of drugs in distinct manners.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Synaptic mechanism underlying serotonin modulation of transition to cocaine addiction

Yue Li et al.

Summary: This study found that cocaine use enhances compulsive behavior by affecting serotonin levels, while this effect can be reversed by increasing serotonin levels. The presynaptic depression induced by 5-HT via 5-HT1B receptors plays a role in the bidirectional effect on behavior.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Neuroplasticity as a convergent mechanism of ketamine and classical psychedelics

Lily R. Aleksandrova et al.

Summary: The emerging therapeutic efficacy of ketamine and classical psychedelics for depression has sparked considerable interest in the mechanisms underlying neuroplasticity. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that these drugs induce synaptic, structural, and functional changes, particularly in pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex, resulting in adaptive rewiring of pathological neurocircuitry.

TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Blinding and expectancy confounds in psychedelic randomized controlled trials

Suresh D. Muthukumaraswamy et al.

Summary: This study reviewed previous literature on expectancy effects and blinding in psychedelic RCTs and found that these trials might be influenced by de-blinding and expectancy. Current psychedelic RCTs generally do not report pre-trial expectancy or the success rate of blinding procedures. The authors suggest caution in interpreting effect size estimates from existing psychedelic RCTs due to potential confounds related to de-blinding and expectancy.

EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Psychiatry

New Frontiers or a Bursting Bubble? Psychedelic Therapy Beyond the Dichotomy

Tehseen Noorani et al.

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Transient Stimulation with Psychoplastogens Is Sufficient to Initiate Neuronal Growth

Calvin Ly et al.

Summary: Cortical neuron atrophy is a hallmark of depression, and psychoplastogens like ketamine and LSD have been shown to promote sustained growth of cortical neurons after short periods of stimulation. These psychoplastogens induce cortical neuron growth through distinct phases, with early TrkB activation and later sustained mTOR and AMPA receptor activation being crucial. It is suggested that rapidly excreted psychoplastogens may have unique advantages as neurotherapeutics compared to compounds like ketamine and LSD.

ACS PHARMACOLOGY & TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

The Subjective Effects of Psychedelics May Not Be Necessary for Their Enduring Therapeutic Effects

David E. Olson

Summary: Psychedelics have shown promise for treating neuropsychiatric disorders due to their ability to promote neural plasticity and produce rapid and sustained therapeutic effects, but evidence suggests that the subjective effects induced by these drugs may not be necessary for long-lasting changes in mood and behavior. Understanding the role of subjective effects in the therapeutic mechanisms of psychedelics will have important implications for basic neuroscience and patient access to future medicines developed from psychedelic research.

ACS PHARMACOLOGY & TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

The Subjective Effects of Psychedelics Are Necessary for Their Enduring Therapeutic Effects

David B. Yaden et al.

Summary: The subjective effects of psychedelics are crucial for their lasting benefits, accounting for the majority of their therapeutic outcomes.

ACS PHARMACOLOGY & TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Non-pharmacological factors that determine drug use and addiction

Serge H. Ahmed et al.

NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Classical conditioning of antidepressant placebo effects in mice

Samuel R. Krimmel et al.

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Prefrontal Regulation of Punished Ethanol Self-administration

Lindsay R. Halladay et al.

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Psychedelics, but Not Ketamine, Produce Persistent Antidepressant-like Effects in a Rodent Experimental System for the Study of Depression

Meghan Hibicke et al.

ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE (2020)

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Review Psychiatry

Psychedelics and Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy

Collin M. Reiff et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Identification of Psychoplastogenic N,N-Dimethylaminoisotryptamine (isoDMT) Analogues through Structure-Activity Relationship Studies

Lee E. Dunlap et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Revisiting the Stress Concept: Implications for Affective Disorders

Bruce S. McEwen et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Transformative experience and social connectedness mediate the mood-enhancing effects of psychedelic use in naturalistic settings

Matthias Forstmann et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of low dose lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in healthy older volunteers

Neiloufar Family et al.

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Tripping on nothing: placebo psychedelics and contextual factors

Jay A. Olson et al.

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Psilocybin and LSD have no long-lasting effects in an animal model of alcohol relapse

Marcus W. Meinhardt et al.

NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Long-term follow-up outcomes of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of PTSD: a longitudinal pooled analysis of six phase 2 trials

Lisa Jerome et al.

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2020)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Long-term outcome in outpatients with depression treated with acute and maintenance intravenous ketamine: A retrospective chart review

Hitoshi Sakurai et al.

JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS (2020)

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Article Psychology, Clinical

Rapid antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

Fernanda Palhano-Fontes et al.

PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Neurosciences

Sensitization to the prosocial effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)

Daniel W. Curry et al.

NEUROPHARMACOLOGY (2019)

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Article Neurosciences

Psychedelic effects of psilocybin correlate with serotonin 2A receptor occupancy and plasma psilocin levels

Martin K. Madsen et al.

NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2019)

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Article Psychology, Biological

3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) impairs the extinction and reconsolidation of fear memory in rats

Holly S. Hake et al.

PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR (2019)

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Article Cell Biology

A Hallucinogenic Serotonin-2A Receptor Agonist Reduces Visual Response Gain and Alters Temporal Dynamics in Mouse V1

Angie M. Michaiel et al.

CELL REPORTS (2019)

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Article Neurosciences

Psilocybin lacks antidepressant-like effect in the Flinders Sensitive Line rat

Oskar Jefsen et al.

ACTA NEUROPSYCHIATRICA (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Oxytocin-dependent reopening of a social reward learning critical period with MDMA

Romain Nardou et al.

NATURE (2019)

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Review Neurosciences

The critical importance of basic animal research for neuropsychiatric disorders

Tracy L. Bale et al.

NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2019)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

REBUS and the Anarchic Brain: Toward a Unified Model of the Brain Action of Psychedelics

R. L. Carhart-Harris et al.

PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Stress-sensitive antidepressant-like effects of ketamine in the mouse forced swim test

Paul J. Fitzgerald et al.

PLOS ONE (2019)

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Article Neurosciences

Opposite environmental gating of the experienced utility ('liking') and decision utility ('wanting') of heroin versus cocaine in animals and humans: implications for computational neuroscience

Aldo Badiani et al.

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2019)

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Editorial Material Psychiatry

Disruptive Psychopharmacology

Boris D. Heifets et al.

JAMA PSYCHIATRY (2019)

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Article Neurosciences

Cortical dynamics during psychedelic and anesthetized states induced by ketamine

Duan Li et al.

NEUROIMAGE (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A cortical-brainstem circuit predicts and governs compulsive alcohol drinking

Cody A. Siciliano et al.

SCIENCE (2019)

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Review Behavioral Sciences

Rodent ketamine depression-related research: Finding patterns in a literature of variability

Andrew J. Polis et al.

BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH (2019)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Classic psychedelics: An integrative review of epidemiology, therapeutics, mystical experience, and brain network function

Matthew W. Johnson et al.

PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2019)

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Article Cell Biology

Distinct neural mechanisms for the prosocial and rewarding properties of MDMA

Boris D. Heifets et al.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Chronic, Intermittent Microdoses of the Psychedelic N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) Produce Positive Effects on Mood and Anxiety in Rodents

Lindsay P. Cameron et al.

ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE (2019)

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Article Psychology, Clinical

Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP): Patient Demographics, Clinical Data and Outcomes in Three Large Practices Administering Ketamine with Psychotherapy

Jennifer Dore et al.

JOURNAL OF PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Sustained rescue of prefrontal circuit dysfunction by antidepressant-induced spine formation

R. N. Moda-Sava et al.

SCIENCE (2019)

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Review Neurosciences

Why MDMA therapy for alcohol use disorder? And why now?

Ben Sessa

NEUROPHARMACOLOGY (2018)

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Article Neurosciences

The serotonin hallucinogen 5-MeO-DMT alters cortico-thalamic activity in freely moving mice: Regionally-selective involvement of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors

Maurizio S. Riga et al.

NEUROPHARMACOLOGY (2018)

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Review Neurosciences

(+/-)-MDMA and its enantiomers: potential therapeutic advantages of R(-)-MDMA

Elizabeth G. Pitts et al.

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2018)

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Review Neurosciences

Progress and promise for the MDMA drug development program

Allison A. Feduccia et al.

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2018)

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Article Neurosciences

Direct comparison of the acute subjective, emotional, autonomic, and endocrine effects of MDMA, methylphenidate, and modafinil in healthy subjects

Patrick C. Dolder et al.

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2018)

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Editorial Material Neurosciences

Psychedelics and connectedness

R. L. Carhart-Harris et al.

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2018)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine

Lee E. Dunlap et al.

ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE (2018)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Effects of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine on Rat Behaviors Relevant to Anxiety and Depression

Lindsay P. Cameron et al.

ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE (2018)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Psychedelics and the essential importance of context

Robin L. Carhart-Harris et al.

JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2018)

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Article Neurosciences

Separating the agony from ecstasy: R(-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine has prosocial and therapeutic-like effects without signs of neurotoxicity in mice

Daniel W. Curry et al.

NEUROPHARMACOLOGY (2018)

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Article Cell Biology

Psychedelics Promote Structural and Functional Neural Plasticity

Calvin Ly et al.

CELL REPORTS (2018)

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Article Psychiatry

Fear extinction requires infralimbic cortex projections to the basolateral amygdala

Daniel W. Bloodgood et al.

TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (2018)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Quality of Acute Psychedelic Experience Predicts Therapeutic Efficacy of Psilocybin for Treatment-Resistant Depression

Leor Roseman et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

5-HT release in nucleus accumbens rescues social deficits in mouse autism model

Jessica J. Walsh et al.

NATURE (2018)

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Article Neurosciences

Reduction in social anxiety after MDMA-assisted psychotherapy with autistic adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study

Alicia L. Danforth et al.

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2018)

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Article Biology

Changes in global and thalamic brain connectivity in LSD-induced altered states of consciousness are attributable to the 5-HT2A receptor

Katrin H. Preller et al.

ELIFE (2018)

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Article Psychology, Clinical

Long-term follow-up of psilocybin-facilitated smoking cessation

Matthew W. Johnson et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE (2017)

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Article Neurosciences

Receptor-stimulated transamidation induces activation of Rac1 and Cdc42 and the regulation of dendritic spines

Zhen Mi et al.

NEUROPHARMACOLOGY (2017)

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Article Neurosciences

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Increases Affiliative Behaviors in Squirrel Monkeys in a Serotonin 2A Receptor-Dependent Manner

Elizabeth G. Pitts et al.

NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2017)

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Article Neurosciences

Inhibition of serotonin transporters disrupts the enhancement of fear memory extinction by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)

Matthew B. Young et al.

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2017)

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Editorial Material Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

MDMA as a Probe and Treatment for Social Behaviors

Boris D. Heifets et al.

CELL (2016)

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Review Psychology, Clinical

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT TREATMENT GUIDELINES FOR COMPLEX PTSD IN ADULTS

Ad de Jongh et al.

DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY (2016)

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Article Neurosciences

Chemogenetic Activation of an Extinction Neural Circuit Reduces Cue-Induced Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking

Isabel F. Augur et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2016)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial

Roland R. Griffiths et al.

JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2016)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial

Stephen Ross et al.

JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2016)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

MDMA ('Ecstasy'), oxytocin and vasopressin modulate social preference in rats: A role for handling and oxytocin receptors

Linnet Ramos et al.

PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR (2016)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Psychedelics Recruit Multiple Cellular Types and Produce Complex Transcriptional Responses Within the Brain

David A. Martin et al.

EBIOMEDICINE (2016)

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Review Psychiatry

Novel psychopharmacological therapies for psychiatric disorders: psilocybin and MDMA

Michael C. Mithoefer et al.

LANCET PSYCHIATRY (2016)

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Article Neurosciences

Longitudinal Effects of Ketamine on Dendritic Architecture In Vivo in the Mouse Medial Frontal Cortex

Victoria Phoumthipphavong et al.

ENEURO (2016)

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Article Psychiatry

Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study

Robin L. Carhart-Harris et al.

LANCET PSYCHIATRY (2016)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Psilocybin-assisted treatment for alcohol dependence: A proof-of-concept study

Michael P. Bogenschutz et al.

JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2015)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Basomedial amygdala mediates top-down control of anxiety and fear

Avishek Adhikari et al.

NATURE (2015)

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Review Behavioral Sciences

The prosocial effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): Controlled studies in humans and laboratory animals

Philip Kamilar-Britt et al.

NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS (2015)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Optogenetic stimulation of infralimbic PFC reproduces ketamine's rapid and sustained antidepressant actions

Manabu Fuchikami et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2015)

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Article Psychiatry

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine facilitates fear extinction learning

M. B. Young et al.

TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (2015)

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Article Clinical Neurology

The natural hallucinogen 5-MeO-DMT, component of Ayahuasca, disrupts cortical function in rats: reversal by antipsychotic drugs

Maurizio S. Riga et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2014)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Pilot study of the 5-HT2AR agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction

Matthew W. Johnson et al.

JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2014)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Differential effects of MDMA and methylphenidate on social cognition

Yasmin Schmid et al.

JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2014)

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Review Neurosciences

Improving and Accelerating Drug Development for Nervous System Disorders

Diana E. Pankevich et al.

NEURON (2014)

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Editorial Material Neurosciences

Revitalizing Psychiatric Therapeutics

Steven E. Hyman

NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2014)

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Article Neurosciences

Serotonin 2A receptor regulates microtubule assembly and induces dynamics of dendritic growth cones in rat cortical neurons in vitro

Akiko Ohtani et al.

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH (2014)

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No Evidence that MDMA-Induced Enhancement of Emotional Empathy Is Related to Peripheral Oxytocin Levels or 5-HT1a Receptor Activation

Kim P. C. Kuypers et al.

PLOS ONE (2014)

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Decreased motivation during chronic pain requires long-term depression in the nucleus accumbens

Neil Schwartz et al.

SCIENCE (2014)

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MDMA enhances emotional empathy and prosocial behavior

Cedric M. Hysek et al.

SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE (2014)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Durability of improvement in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and absence of harmful effects or drug dependency after 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy: a prospective long-term follow-up study

Michael C. Mithoefer et al.

JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2013)

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Rescuing cocaine-induced prefrontal cortex hypoactivity prevents compulsive cocaine seeking

Billy T. Chen et al.

NATURE (2013)

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Social reward requires coordinated activity of nucleus accumbens oxytocin and serotonin

Guel Doelen et al.

NATURE (2013)

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Effects of psilocybin on hippocampal neurogenesis and extinction of trace fear conditioning

Briony J. Catlow et al.

EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH (2013)

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Disruption of Prefrontal Cortex Large Scale Neuronal Activity by Different Classes of Psychotomimetic Drugs

Jesse Wood et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2012)

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Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for alcoholism: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Teri S. Krebs et al.

JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2012)

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Letter Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Ketamine effects on brain GABA and glutamate levels with 1H-MRS: relationship to ketamine- induced psychopathology

J. M. Stone et al.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2012)

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Anhedonia requires MC4R-mediated synaptic adaptations in nucleus accumbens

Byung Kook Lim et al.

NATURE (2012)

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A prefrontal cortex-brainstem neuronal projection that controls response to behavioural challenge

Melissa R. Warden et al.

NATURE (2012)

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Reduced Forebrain Serotonin Transmission is Causally Involved in the Development of Compulsive Cocaine Seeking in Rats

Yann Pelloux et al.

NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2012)

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Effects of MDMA on Extracellular Dopamine and Serotonin Levels in Mice Lacking Dopamine and/or Serotonin Transporters

Y. Hagino et al.

CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY (2011)

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How Addictive Drugs Disrupt Presynaptic Dopamine Neurotransmission

David Sulzer

NEURON (2011)

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Drug-Evoked Synaptic Plasticity in Addiction: From Molecular Changes to Circuit Remodeling

Christian Luescher et al.

NEURON (2011)

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Subtype specific roles of serotonin receptors in the spine formation of cortical neurons in vitro

Hiroyuki Yoshida et al.

NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH (2011)

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Editorial Material Psychiatry

Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): Toward a New Classification Framework for Research on Mental Disorders

Thomas Insel et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY (2010)

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Is Ecstasy an Empathogen? Effects of ±3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine on Prosocial Feelings and Identification of Emotional States in Others

Gillinder Bedi et al.

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY (2010)

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Antidepressant Effect of Optogenetic Stimulation of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Herbert E. Covington et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2010)

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Animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders

Eric J. Nestler et al.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2010)

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Psychometric Evaluation of the Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (OAV)

Erich Studerus et al.

PLOS ONE (2010)

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Effect of D1-like and D2-like receptor antagonists on methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine self-administration in rats

Katharine A. Brennan et al.

BEHAVIOURAL PHARMACOLOGY (2009)

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Role of Serotonin via 5-HT2B Receptors in the Reinforcing Effects of MDMA in Mice

Stephane Doly et al.

PLOS ONE (2009)

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Rapid modulation of spine morphology by the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor through kalirin-7 signaling

Kelly A. Jones et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2009)

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The hallucinogen DOI reduces low-frequency oscillations in rat prefrontal cortex:: Reversal by antipsychotic drugs

Pau Celada et al.

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY (2008)

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Serotonin 5-HT2B receptors are required for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion and 5-HT release in vivo and in vitro

Stephane Doly et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2008)

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Infralimbic prefrontal cortex is responsible for inhibiting cocaine seeking in extinguished rats

Jamie Peters et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2008)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Human hallucinogen research: guidelines for safety

M. W. Johnson et al.

JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2008)

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Identification of a serotonin/glutamate receptor complex implicated in psychosis

Javier Gonzalez-Maeso et al.

NATURE (2008)

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Social reward among juvenile mice

J. B. Panksepp et al.

GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR (2007)

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Hallucinogens recruit specific cortical 5-HT2A receptor-mediated signaling pathways to affect behavior

Javier Gonzalez-Maeso et al.

NEURON (2007)

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Estimating the relative reinforcing strength of (+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its isomers in rhesus monkeys: comparison to (+)-methamphetamine

Zhixia Wang et al.

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2007)

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Serotonin (1A) receptor involvement in acute 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) facilitation of social interaction in the rat

KC Morley et al.

PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY (2005)

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Opposite effects of amphetamine self-administration experience on dendritic spines in the medial and orbital prefrontal cortex

HS Crombag et al.

CEREBRAL CORTEX (2005)

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Glutamate receptor activation is involved in 5-HT2 agonist-induced Arc gene expression in the rat cortex

Q Pei et al.

NEUROPHARMACOLOGY (2004)

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Injection of the 5-HT2C receptor agonist Ro60-0175 into the ventral tegmental area reduces cocaine-induced locomotor activity and cocaine self-administration

PJ Fletcher et al.

NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2004)

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LTP and LTD: An embarrassment of riches

RC Malenka et al.

NEURON (2004)

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Molecular genetic responses to lysergic acid diethylamide include transcriptional activation of MAP kinase phosphatase-1, C/EBP-β and ILAD-1, a novel gene with homology to arrestins

CD Nichols et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY (2004)

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Structural plasticity associated with exposure to drugs of abuse

TE Robinson et al.

NEUROPHARMACOLOGY (2004)

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Lysergic acid diethylamide and [-]-2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine increase extracellular glutamate in rat prefrontal cortex

JW Muschamp et al.

BRAIN RESEARCH (2004)

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Hyperlocomotive and discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine are under the control of serotonin2C (5-HT2C) receptors in rat prefrontal cortex

M Filip et al.

JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS (2003)

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Dynamic changes in prefrontal cortex gene expression following lysergic acid diethylamide administration

CD Nichols et al.

MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH (2003)

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The hallucinogen d-lysergic acid diethylamide (d-LSD) induces the immediate-early gene c-Fos in rat forebrain

PS Frankel et al.

BRAIN RESEARCH (2002)

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A single dose of lysergic acid diethylamide influences gene expression patterns within the mammalian brain

CD Nichols et al.

NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2002)

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Lysergic acid diethylamide-induced Fos expression in rat brain: Role of serotonin-2A receptors

PJ Gresch et al.

NEUROSCIENCE (2002)

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Cellular mechanisms of social attachment

LJ Young et al.

HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR (2001)

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Modulation of morphine sensitization in the rat by contextual stimuli

A Badiani et al.

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2000)

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Serotonergic regulation of mRNA expression of Arc, an immediate early gene selectively localized at neuronal dendrites

Q Pei et al.

NEUROPHARMACOLOGY (2000)

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