Encapsulation into hyaluronic acid-based nanogels improves the selectivity index of the snake cathelicidin Ab-Cath

The antimicrobial peptide Ab-Cath, is a promising candidate for development as treatment for antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacterial infections. Future clinical use is hampered by Ab-Cath's cationic peptidic nature and limited therapeutic window. Here, we evaluated hyaluronic acid-based nanogels for encapsulation of Ab-Cath to circumvent these limitations. Using microfluidics, monodispersed anionic nanogels of 156-232 nm encapsulating >99 % Ab-Cath were prepared. Unprecedented, lyophilization using polyvinyl alcohol and dextran-40 provided Ab-Cath nanogel protection and allowed easy dose adjustment. Lyophilized and redispersed Ab-Cath nanogels were as effective as Ab-Cath solution in killing AMR Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli in biological fluids, and in reducing S. aureus and A. baumannii biofilms. Importantly, encapsulation of Ab-Cath in nanogels reduced Ab-Cath's cytotoxic effects on human fibroblasts by >= 10-fold. Moreover, cutaneous application of Ab-Cath nanogels eliminated bacteria colonizing 3D human skin. These findings affirm the use of nanogels to increase the selectivity index of antimicrobial peptides. (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Automated summary

Hyaluronic acid-based nanogels were used to encapsulate the antimicrobial peptide Ab-Cath, overcoming its limitations and reducing its cytotoxic effects. The nanogels effectively killed antibiotic-resistant bacteria and eliminated bacteria on human skin. This study highlights the potential of nanogels to enhance the selectivity of antimicrobial peptides.