Journal
NANOMEDICINE
Volume 18, Issue 16, Pages 1045-1059Publisher
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0179
Keywords
adjuvants; antitumor agents; fluorescent nanodiamonds; mice; ovalbumin; vaccine
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This study investigated the use of nanodiamonds (NDs) and fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) as additives in Freund's adjuvant to enhance immune responses and inhibit tumor growth. The results showed that the new formulation significantly enhanced immune responses and had therapeutic effects on tumor growth.
Background: The use of nanodiamonds (NDs) and fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) as nonallergenic biocompatible additives in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) to elicit immune responses in vivo was investigated. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were immunized with chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA) in IFA and also OVA-conjugated NDs (or OVA-conjugated FNDs) in IFA to produce antibodies. OVA-expressing E.G7 lymphoma cells and OVA-negative EL4 cells were inoculated in mice to induce tumor formation. Results: The new formulation significantly enhanced immune responses and thus disease resistance. It exhibited specific therapeutic activities, effectively inhibiting the growth of E.G7 tumor cells in mice over 35 days. Conclusion: The high biocompatibility and multiple functionalities of NDs/FNDs render them applicable as active and trackable vaccine adjuvants and antitumor agents.
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