Improving the efficiency of clinical trials in multiple sclerosis

Background:Phase 3 clinical trials for disease-modifying therapies in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) have utilized a limited number of conventional designs with a high degree of success. However, these designs limit the types of questions that can be addressed, and the time and cost required. Moreover, trials involving people with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) have been less successful. Objective:The objective of this paper is to discuss complex innovative trial designs, intermediate and composite outcomes and to improve the efficiency of trial design in MS and broaden questions that can be addressed, particularly as applied to progressive MS. Methods:We held an international workshop with experts in clinical trial design. Results:Recommendations include increasing the use of complex innovative designs, developing biomarkers to enrich progressive MS trial populations, prioritize intermediate outcomes for further development that target therapeutic mechanisms of action other than peripherally mediated inflammation, investigate acceptability to people with MS of data linkage for studying long-term outcomes of clinical trials, use Bayesian designs to potentially reduce sample sizes required for pediatric trials, and provide sustained funding for platform trials and registries that can support pragmatic trials. Conclusion:Novel trial designs and further development of intermediate outcomes may improve clinical trial efficiency in MS and address novel therapeutic questions.

Automated summary

The current designs for clinical trials treating progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) have limitations and have not been successful. This paper discusses complex innovative trial designs and intermediate and composite outcomes to improve trial design efficiency in MS. Recommendations include increasing the use of complex innovative designs, developing biomarkers to enrich trial populations, prioritizing intermediate outcomes targeting therapeutic mechanisms, and investigating data linkage for long-term outcomes. Novel trial designs and further development of intermediate outcomes may improve clinical trial efficiency and address novel therapeutic questions in MS.