Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 28, Issue 16, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166061
Keywords
PARP; PARP14; ADP-Ribose; ARTD; ARTD8; NAD(+); TLC-MALDI-TOF; ADP-ribose glycohydrolase
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This study presents a MALDI-TOF method for analyzing proximal factors that guide ARTD target selection. It reveals that PARP14 enzyme has specific sequence requirements for glutamate/aspartate targeting and neighboring residues play an important role in PARP14 targeting. The study also shows that the enzymatic and non-enzymatic removal of ADPr modification is influenced by pH, temperature, and sequence, and highlights differential activities within the glycohydrolase family and their sequence preferences using ADPr-peptides.
The transfer of ADP-ribose (ADPr) from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to target proteins is mediated by a class of human diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTDs; previously referred to as poly-ADP-ribose polymerases or PARPs) and the removal of ADPr is catalyzed by a family of glycohydrolases. Although thousands of potential ADPr modification sites have been identified using high-throughput mass-spectrometry, relatively little is known about the sequence specificity encoded near the modification site. Herein, we present a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) method that facilitates the in vitro analysis of proximal factors that guide ARTD target selection. We identify a minimal 5-mer peptide sequence that is necessary and sufficient to drive glutamate/aspartate targeting using PARP14 while highlighting the importance of the adjacent residues in PARP14 targeting. We measure the stability of the resultant ester bond and show that non-enzymatic removal is pH and temperature dependent, sequence independent, and occurs within hours. Finally, we use the ADPr-peptides to highlight differential activities within the glycohydrolase family and their sequence preferences. Our results highlight (1) the utility of MALDI-TOF in analyzing proximal ARTD-substrate interactions and (2) the importance of peptide sequences in governing ADPr transfer and removal.
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