Clinical and biochemical footprints of inherited metabolic diseases. XIV. Metabolic kidney diseases

Kidney disease is a global health burden with high morbidity and mortality. Causes of kidney disease are numerous, extending from common disease groups like diabetes and arterial hypertension to rare conditions including inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs). Given its unique anatomy and function, the kidney is a target organ in about 10% of known IMDs, emphasizing the relevant contribution of IMDs to kidney disease. The pattern of injury affects all segments of the nephron including glomerular disease, proximal and distal tubular damage, kidney cyst formation, built-up of nephrocalcinosis and stones as well as severe malformations. We revised and updated the list of known metabolic etiologies associated with kidney involvement and found 190 relevant IMDs. This represents the 14th of a series of educational articles providing a comprehensive and revised list of metabolic differential diagnoses according to system involvement.

Automated summary

Kidney disease is a major global health burden, with various causes including common diseases like diabetes and hypertension, as well as rare inherited metabolic diseases. The kidney is targeted in about 10% of known metabolic diseases, leading to diverse forms of kidney damage. We revised and updated the list of metabolic diseases associated with kidney involvement, identifying 190 relevant diseases. This article contributes to the educational series on metabolic differential diagnoses.