Chemometric tools applied to silver nanoparticles electrodeposition in 3D-printed disposable device for the determination of sulfamethoxazole in different samples by voltammetry

In this paper, a disposable electrode, of low cost (US$ 0.06), easy production, and adequate properties was developed using composite material (CM) modified with silver nanoparticles, immobilized on 3D acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) support (3Ds-CME/AgNP) for the determination of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in tap water, synthetic urine, drugs samples, cow milk, goat milk, breast milk, and honey samples. The silver nanoparticles electrodeposition was optimized using 33 Box-Behnken design with triplicate in the central point. The electrode had its surface data characterized by the scanning electron microscopy technique. The bare and modified sensor was compared for the electrochemical response for SMX, where a 30% increase in current signal response was observed. Then, the determination of SMX by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) using a multivariate calibration optimized method by central composite design (CCD) model 22 was optimized. The results by DPV using 3Ds-CME/AgNP showed a good linear range from 10 to 50 & mu;mol/L, adequate detectability (0.96 & mu;mol/L), good precision (relative standard deviation (RSD) < 5.8 %), and satisfactory recovery ranging from 93 to 115 %. The 3Ds-CME/AgNP device has been shown to be effective for the determination of SMX in different samples using a simple dilution of the sample.

Automated summary

In this paper, a disposable electrode modified with silver nanoparticles immobilized on 3D acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) support was developed for the determination of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in various samples. The electrode showed improved electrochemical response for SMX compared to the bare sensor. The determination of SMX was optimized using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique and achieved satisfactory results in terms of linear range, detectability, precision, and recovery.