Facile preparation of sulfonated covalent triazine frameworks for effectively detection of six carcinogenic aromatic amines in cigarette smoke

FDA reported a HPHCs (Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents) list for tobacco products and tobacco smoke in 2012, which contained six carcinogenic aromatic amines (AAs). In this work, a sulfonated covalent triazine frameworks (CTF-SO3H) material was synthesized and used as a solid phase extraction (SPE) absorbent for highly effective enrichment and determination of six carcinogenic AAs in cigarette mainstream smoke (MSS), coupled with HPLC-MS/MS technique. The CTF-SO3H material was prepared with a rapid and facile method, which was superior to the general methods. The characterization with Nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherm experiment, High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HTEM), etc, indicated that the CTFSO3H material possessed sulfonic acid groups and abundant microporous structure. And the CTF-SO3H material showed good enrichment effect for AAs due to the synergistic effect of 7C-7C stacking and electrostatic interactions. Limits of detection (LODs) of 6 AAs with the developed method were in the range of 0.01-0.11 ng cig  1. Recoveries of 6 AAs were between 80.40% and 106.00%, while the intra-day and inter-day precisions were good (i. e. RSDintra <= 6.40%, RSDinter <= 9.90%). Commercial cigarette MSS samples were analyzed with the developed method, and a commercial cation exchange SPE column was chosen for comparison. Results obtained by two methods showed a good consistency. However, the CTF-SO3H material needed less dosage, even could be reused for 4 times. Thus, the developed method not only showed high enrichment efficiency, but also was economical.

Automated summary

In this study, a sulfonated covalent triazine frameworks (CTF-SO3H) material was developed as a solid phase extraction (SPE) absorbent for efficient enrichment and determination of carcinogenic substances in tobacco smoke. The results showed that the developed method had high enrichment efficiency, good recovery rate, high precision, and was cost-effective.