Emerging two-dimensional materials for analytical lab-on-chip platforms: A review of electrochemical and optical biosensor

Lab-on-chip (LOC) platforms are microscale devices that enable precise control of fluids and chemical reactions, and have gained enormous interest for applications in biosensing and monitoring cellular metabolism. In recent years, researchers have focused on integrating nanomaterials into LOC devices to significantly enhance biosensor sensitivity and reduce production costs. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, which are thin materials with single or few atomic layer thicknesses, have been widely investigated in the field of biosensing due to their unique electrochemical and optical properties. This article presents a review of recent progress in the integration of emerging 2D materials into LOC devices for the development of high-sensitivity biosensors. We discuss the integration methods and sensing principles of both electrochemical and optical LOC biosensors. Finally, we examine the challenges and prospects of using 2D materials in LOC biosensors. Overall, this work highlights the potential of 2D nanomaterials for advancing the field of biosensing, and provides insights into future research directions in this exciting area.

Automated summary

This article presents a review of recent progress in the integration of emerging 2D materials into LOC devices for the development of high-sensitivity biosensors, discussing the integration methods and sensing principles of both electrochemical and optical LOC biosensors. The challenges and prospects of using 2D materials in LOC biosensors are also examined.