Journal
MICROBIAL ECOLOGY
Volume -, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02255-1
Keywords
AMOVA; Crops; cry gene; Geoclimatic; Real-time PCR
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In this study, a gene identification system was developed based on qPCR reactions using core B. thuringiensis genes for the characterization of 257 strains of B. thuringiensis. The results showed that cry1, cry2, and vip3A/B genes are distributed homogeneously throughout the Brazilian territory, while some genes are specific to certain regions. The genetic diversity of B. thuringiensis strains in a region is influenced by geoclimatic conditions and regional crops, and there is constant exchange of genetic information among B. thuringiensis strains.
Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive aerobic bacterium and the most used biopesticide worldwide. Given the importance of B. thuringiensis strain characterization for the development of new bioinsecticides or transgenic events and the identification and classification of new B. thuringiensis genes and strains to understand its distribution and diversity, this work is aimed at creating a gene identification system based on qPCR reactions utilizing core B. thuringiensis genes cry1, cry2, cry3, cry4, cry5, app6, cry7, cry8, cry9, cry10, cry11, vpb1, vpa2, vip3, cyt1, and cyt2 for the characterization of 257 strains of B. thuringiensis. This system was based on the Invertebrate Bacteria Collection from Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology and analyzed (a) the degree of correlation between the distribution of these strains and the origin of the substrate from which the strain was isolated and (b) between its distribution and geoclimatic conditions. This study made it possible to observe that the cry1, cry2, and vip3A/B genes occur homogeneously in the Brazilian territory, and some genes are found in specific regions. The biggest reservoir of variability is within B. thuringiensis strains in each region, and it is suggested that both geoclimatic conditions and regional crops interfere with the genetic diversity of the B. thuringiensis strains present in the region, and B. thuringiensis strains can constantly exchange genetic information.
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